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Layers of the Earth Geosphere
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The Earth as a System Integrated system of rock, air, water, and living things. This system is divided into four parts: atmosphere (air) hydrosphere (water) biosphere (living things) geosphere (rock)
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Geosphere Solid part of the Earth’s crust that consists of all rock, and the soils and sediments on Earth’s surface. Most located in Earth’s interior
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Earth’s Interior Seismic Waves: the waves that travel through the Earth’s interior during an earthquake. Altered by the type of material that it travels through.
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Composition of the Earth
Three layers: crust mantle core Density increases towards the center of the Earth
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Crust Thin, outer layer. Made up of light elements
less than 1% of Earth’s mass 5-70km thick
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Mantle Layer beneath the crust 64% of mass of Earth 2,900 km thick
Made of lithosphere asthenosphere mesosphere
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Lithosphere Outer layer cool, rigid
divided up into huge tectonic plates
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Asthenosphere 250 km thick solid, plastic layer made of rock
flows very slowly and allows tectonic plates to move across
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Mesosphere 2,250 km thick “middle” sphere lower part of mantle
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Core 3,248 km radius sphere of hot, dense nickel and iron
1/3 of the Earth’s mass Made of Outer Core Inner Core
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Outer Core; 2,200 km thick, outer shell, made of liquid nickel and iron
Inner Core: 1,228 km radius; a sphere of solid iron and nickel
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