1. James Weldon Johnson
Lyricist and Poet

2. Personal and Literary Biography
First African-American to pass the bar in Florida while he was working as the principal at his former elementary school
Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man--the first novel to treat Harlem and Atlanta as subjects.
Edited first anthology of African-American Poets (1922) and with his brother complied the first songbook of negro spirituals (1925)
“Lift Ev’ry Voice and Sing” (1900), written with his brother, J. Rosamond Johnson, later was adopted by the N.A.A.C.P and later referred to as the Negro National Anthem.
God’s Trombones (1927), a series of verse told through the voice of a folk preacher
After serving in Nicaragua and Venezuela, Johnson joined the N.A.A.C.P.
Organized the Silent March of 1917 in Manhattan to protest lynching and lend the campaign which eventually became the Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill of 1921, which would have made lynching a national crime, but failed to get enough votes in the Senate.
After serving as the head of the N.A.A.C.P, Johnson retired in 1930 and spent his time teaching creative writing at Fisk University and New York University, where he became the first African-American faculty member.
Tragically, he died in a car crash in He was 67.

3. “Lift Ev’ry Voice and Sing”
A group of young men in Jacksonville, Florida, arranged to celebrate Lincoln’s birthday in My brother, J. Rosamond Johnson, and I decided to write a song to be sung at the exercises. I wrote the words and he wrote the music. Our New York publisher, Edward B. Marks, made mimeographed copies for us, and the song was taught to and sung by a chorus of five hundred colored school children.
Shortly afterwards my brother and I moved away from Jacksonville to New York, and the song passed out of our minds. But the school children of Jacksonville kept singing it; they went off to other schools and sang it; they became teachers and taught it to other children. Within twenty years it was being sung over the South and in some other parts of the country. Today the song, popularly known as the Negro National Hymn, is quite generally used.
The lines of this song repay me in an elation, almost of exquisite anguish, whenever I hear them sung by Negro children.
(Johnson, Poetry Foundation)

4. Poetry Analysis Link to Audio of "Lift Every Voice and Sing"
Poem Overview
Opening Stanza develops a series of images that give “voice” to the call for Liberty and Victory over the “Dark Past”
The Second Stanza details the “path through the blood of the slaughtered” and the tone builds the past and the frustration in the present
The final stanza develops as open (and shared) prayer to God to maintain one’s own morality.
Key Devices:
Imagery-sounds and sights that emphasize the stanza’s “message”
Anaphora--creates an amplification of the “we” persona, but also Johnson also uses these to signal a musical shift
Abstract Concepts: Hope, Faith, Liberty--ideals expressed by the “Voice”
Speaker and Audience: Group Persona develops through the use of “We” and “Our”--A collective community

5. Class Activity Stanza Imagery Graphic Organizer
3-Column: Voice, Dark Past, Path
In each column, write down lines that develop the central image/idea
Anaphoric Impact
2-Column: Anaphora & Impact Analysis
Select 5 anaphoras and discuss how they develop the message of the lines.

6. The Creation Diction and Imagery Characterization of God:
Audio of James Weldon Johnson's December 24, 1935 reading at Columbia University
Diction and Imagery
“Folk” language
Relatable View of the Story
Characterization of God:
“man”-like
creative powers
use of Epic similes to create actions

7. Class Activities Epic Similes:
Find 4 similes that build the relatability of God
How do they reflect a sense of God’s persona?
Voice of a Preacher:
Find 5 lines which create the persona of the preacher
How do these build the sermon-like quality?

8. Works Cited
"James Weldon Johnson Institute." James Weldon Johnson Institute. Emory University, Web. 03 Dec. 2014
Johnson, James W. “ Lift Ev’ry Voice and Sing.” Harlem Renaissance Poetry Packet. Ed. Christina Moriconi Web. 03 Dec
Johnson, James W. “ The Creation.” Harlem Renaissance Poetry Packet. Ed. Christina Moriconi Web. 03 Dec
"James Weldon Johnson - The Creation-Audio" YouTube. YouTube, 27 Apr Web. 03 Dec
Johnson, James W. “Life Every Voice and Sing.” Poetry Foundation Web. 03 Dec