1. Limits and Opportunities
Ch 4 Sect.1
Limits and Opportunities

2. Making a Living Agriculture Started about 10,000 years ago
Surplus food led to specialization
Specialization led to civilization
Villages and towns developed along trade routes
About half world’s people still farm

3. Making a Living Traditional agriculture – subsistence farming
Growing only enough to survive

4. Making a Living Modern agriculture – commercial farming
Specializing in crops or livestock to sell

5. Industry a business that produces goods or services
Industrialized country – produce great quantities of goods and services and employ many workers in industry
Use science to improve their technology and build a well-developed and diverse economy

6. Non-industrialized countries –
many call them developing countries
Should be accurately referred to as non-industrialized or Economies in Transition (frm. USSR)
Populations increase rapidly
Mostly rural
Have poor distribution of income, clothing, and housing
Largely a result of ineffective government officials and programs like education system

8. Population Growth and Distribution
Currently at 6.5 billion
based on birth rate and death rate
difference between two is called rate of natural increase
if equal – no growth
found in many industrialized countries

9. Population Growth In less industrialized countries
Birth rates are high
Death rates have decreased due to modern medicine and improved health and living conditions
Difficulty providing enough food for increasing numbers
Concern over increasing consumption of non-renewable resources in their countries
Reason why US does not participate in Kyoto Protocol by UN

11. Population distribution
also known as population pattern
uneven all over world
three reasons for areas with dense population
fertile soil
adequate water supply
favorable climate

12. Population density average number of people per square mile/km
varies widely
Canada = 9 ppl/sq. mi
Bangladesh = 2,454 ppl/sq. mi