1. SHAY’S REBELLION & NORTHWEST ORDINANCE 1787
Key Events During the Articles of Confederation
Is About…
SHAY’S REBELLION & NORTHWEST ORDINANCE 1787
Shay’s Rebellion
Northwest Ordinance 1787
Essential Details
Essential Details
So What: What is important to understand about this?

2. Representation in our new government: the U.S. Constitution
Define Compromise:
Define Bicameral:
The Virginia Plan
(Big States Favored This Plan)
The New Jersey Plan
(Small States Favored this plan)
The Great Compromise
Why is the Great Compromise Important?

3. Define Commerce: Essential Details Essential Details 3/5 Compromise
Slaves and Commerce
Define Commerce:
3/5 Compromise
Commerce Compromise
Essential Details
Essential Details
What is important to understand about these two compromises

4. Representation in our new government: the U.S. Constitution
Define Compromise:
Define Bicameral:
A settlement of a dispute by each side giving up some of their demands
“Two-house”, having two separate parts such as a law-making body
The Virginia Plan
(Big States Favored This Plan)
The New Jersey Plan
(Small States Favored this plan)
The Great Compromise
Created by James Madison
LEGISLATIVE BRANCH:
A two-house (bi-cameral) Congress
With number of reps based on a state’s population.
-Lower house elected by the people,
Upper house elected by lower house
EXECUTIVE BRANCH:
Chosen by legislature, limited power, had veto power but could be overridden
JUDICIAL BRANCH:
Life terms, veto power over laws but could be overridden
LEGISLATIVE BRANCH:
-A one-house Congress with equal number of reps from each state.
The legislature could collect taxes from the states
EXECUTIVE BRANCH:
-chosen by the Congress
-would serve a single term
-can be fired by request of state governors
JUDICIAL BRANCH:
-appointed by the executive branch
-life terms
Legislative Branch:
A two-house (bi-cameral) Congress:
*House of Representatives: number based
on population (satisfied the larger states)
*Senate: each state gets two regardless
of population (satisfied the smaller states)
Executive Branch: chosen by an electoral
college, 4-yr terms, can be impeached by
the Congress.
Judicial Branch: appointed by the President,
approved by the Senate, life terms
Why is the Great Compromise Important?
It settled the disagreement over representation in the new Legislature by satisfying both the small and large states and created
the U.S. Congress that we have today

5. 3/5ths Compromise Define Commerce: Commerce Compromise
Slaves and Commerce
an exchange of goods especially on a large scale between 
different countries (foreign commerce) or between different parts of the same 
country (domestic commerce) , trade; business.
Define Commerce:
3/5ths Compromise
Commerce Compromise
Essential Details
Essential Details
The Southern states wanted to count their slaves as population so that they could get more representatives in the House of Reps. but were against counting them as property to be taxed.
The North wanted to add a tax (tariff) on all imported products as well as exports as a way to raise revenue for the national government and to help northern manufacturers.
The Northern states were against this because slaves had no rights of citizens therefore should be counted as only property to be taxed.
The South was against this tariff because their entire economy depended on exporting their agricultural products to other countries as well as importing products from European countries.
The Compromise: Southern states would be allowed to count three out of every five slaves, or 3/5ths, for population and taxation purposes.
The Compromise: The government would put a tariff on imported goods but not on any American exports.
What is important to understand about these two compromises?
The 3/5ths Compromise settled the issue of counting slaves as property and as population while the Commerce Compromise settled the issue of taxation on imports and exports. Both issues would return to take our country closer to civil war.

6. The 7 Principles of the Constitution
is about…
So What? (What’s important to understand about this?)
The seven important ideas that the designers of our Constitution followed as they created our federal government
Republicanism
Limited Government
Checks and Balances
Federalism
The powers of the federal
government are strictly defined
and limited only to those powers
given to it by the people
A government where the people rule through elected representatives
A system of government
where each branch has powers, or checks, on the powers of the other branches
A system of government in
which a national government and state governments share certain powers
Separation of Powers
Popular Sovereignty
Individual Rights
A system of government
which each branch has it’s own separate powers and responsibilities
The people’s fundamental rights and liberties are recognized and protected
A system where the government’s power is subject to the will of the people; the people have the power
These 7 Principles assured that our federal government would always have to answer to
the citizens of this country.

7. The 7 Principles of the Constitution
is about…
So What? (What’s important to understand about this?)
The seven important ideas that the designers of our Constitution followed as they created our federal government
Republicanism
Checks and Balances
Federalism
Limited Government
Separation of Powers
Popular Sovereignty
Individual Rights

8. Key Topic: Our First 10 Amendments: The Bill of Rights
Is about…
the first ten amendments added to the U.S. Constitution, designed to preserve our rights and limit the power of the national government
1st Amendment
3rd Amendment
4th Amendment
2nd Amendment
5th Amendment
6th Amendment
7th Amendment
8th Amendment
9th Amendment
10th Amendment
So What?

9. Key Topic: Our First 10 Amendments: The Bill of Rights
the first ten amendments added to the U.S. Constitution, designed to preserve our rights and limit the power of the national government
Is about…
1st Amendment
3rd Amendment
4th Amendment
2nd Amendment
5th Amendment
Freedom of speech
Freedom of religion
Freedom of the press
Freedom to protest our
government
Freedom to petition our
Right to remain silent
Right against double-
jeopardy
The right to receive due
process from the
government
The right to bear arms
(the right to own weapons)
The right against
Unreasonable search and
seizure and the right to
privacy
Americans will not be
forced to let American
soldiers live in our homes
6th Amendment
7th Amendment
8th Amendment
9th Amendment
10th Amendment
Right to have a lawyer
Right to a jury in a
criminal trial
Right to a speedy trial
Right to question
witnesses
The rights granted in this
Bill of Rights are not the
only rights that we citizens
can have.
Any powers not specifically given to the federal government by the Constitution automatically go to the states.
The right to a jury trial
in a civil case.
The right against cruel
and unusual punishments
and/or excessive fines or
Bail.
So What?
Our Bill of Rights continues to grant all Americans basic freedoms and rights that cannot be taken away from us.

10. The 3 Branches of the Federal Government
Key Topic
is about…
So What? (What’s important to understand about this?)
Essential details
The three branches of government and their unique powers and responsibilities
Legislative Branch
(Article I)
Executive Branch
(Article II)
Judicial Branch
(Article III)
The U.S Congress:
The House of Reps – The Senate
The President , Vice President,
Presidential Cabinet
The U.S. Supreme Court
Interprets the laws to assure
they follow the Constitution
Makes all federal laws
Enforces all federal laws
Commander-in-chief of all
U.S. military forces
Protector of the Constitution
and our rights
Controls the federal budget
All three branches work together to assure that our federal government functions properly and efficiently.

11. The 3 Branches of the Federal Government
Key Topic
is about…
So What? (What’s important to understand about this?)
Essential details
The three branches of government and their unique powers and responsibilities
Legislative Branch
Executive Branch
Judicial Branch

12. Grievances in the Declaration Fixed in the U.S. Constitution
Key Topic
Preserving our rights and
freedoms in our country
Is About…
How certain grievances in the Declaration of Independence got fixed in the U.S. Constitution.
Grievances in the Declaration
of Independence
Fixed in the U.S. Constitution
All states and citizens have representation in Congress, which sets taxes
Taxation Without Representation
King has absolute power
Congress has the power to override Presidential veto
Colonists not allowed to speak out against the King
1st Amendment- Freedom of Speech
Quartering Act forced colonists to house troops
3rd Amendment- No quartering of troops
Allowed homes to be searched without warrants
4th Amendment- No unwarranted search and seizure
6th Amendment- Right to speedy public trial
7th Amendment-Trial by jury
No trial by jury of peers
So What: What is important to understand about this?
The Constitution and our Bill of Rights made sure that our government would preserve and protect our individual liberties and rights.

13. Grievances in the Declaration Fixed in the U.S. Constitution
Key Topic
Preserving our rights and
freedoms in our country
Is About…
How certain grievances in the Declaration of Independence got fixed in the U.S. Constitution.
Grievances in the Declaration
of Independence
Fixed in the U.S. Constitution
So What: What is important to understand about this?

14. Ratification of U.S. Constitution
Federalists …
Essential details
Ratification
Anti-Federalists
Ratification of U.S. Constitution
Define Ratification-
To officially approve by a vote
VS.
Favored the quick ratification of the Constitution
Opposed the Constitution
Led by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay
Led by Patrick Henry, George Mason,
and Samuel Adams
Supported a strong central (federal) government and tariffs to help northern industry
Wanted strong state governments and
feared a strong federal government
Anonymously wrote the Federalist Papers to
encourage ratification
Wanted the economy to be based on
agriculture
Constitution didn’t need a bill of rights,
economy based on manufacturing
Wanted the common people to
participate in government
Believed the wealthy and educated should
run the government
Wanted a Bill of Rights to protect
citizens’ individual rights
9 out of 13 states had to ratify the new Constitution in order for it to take effect
George Washington becomes the first President of the United States in 1789
Both sides compromised and the Bill of Rights was added to the U.S. Constitution in 1791

15. Ratification of U.S. Constitution
Federalists …
Essential details
Ratification
Anti-Federalists
Ratification of U.S. Constitution
Define Ratification-
VS.

16. How to Amend the Constitution
Before an amendment is added to the Constitution, it must be proposed then ratified in several ways:
Two ways to Propose an Amendment
Proposed by 2/3rds vote of both
houses of Congress
At a convention called by 2/3rds
of the states
Two ways to Ratify an Amendment
Approved by 3/4ths of the state
legislatures
Approved by 3/4ths of ratifying
conventions held in the states
The Amendment is added to the
Constitution

17. How to Amend the Constitution
Before an amendment is added to the Constitution, it must be proposed then ratified in several ways:
Two ways to Propose an Amendment
Two ways to Ratify an Amendment
The Amendment is added to the
Constitution

18. The Legislative Branch
Our System of Checks and Balances
The Executive Branch
The President
Enforces the Laws
The Congress can override a Presidential veto,
The Congress can impeach the President
The President appoints all federal judges
The President can veto laws by the Congress
The Court can declare a Presidential action unconstitutional
The Legislative Branch
The Congress
Makes the Laws
The Judicial Branch
The U.S. Supreme Court
Interprets the Laws
The Judicial branch can declare a law unconstitutional
The Senate must approve judicial appointments,
Congress can impeach a federal judge

19. The Legislative Branch
Our System of Checks and Balances
The Executive Branch
The Legislative Branch
The Judicial Branch