1. Historical Foundations of Education: HUMANISM

2. Topic Outline
Humanism during the Renaissance and Reformation Period

3. La Pieta by Michelangelo
Renaissance Period
La Pieta by Michelangelo
Mona lisa by Leonardo
Da Vinci

4. Renaissance Period
Copernicus discovers the earth revolved around the sun
Columbus discovered the
Americas

5. Reformation Period Martin Luther started the Reformation period
Gutenbuerg Perfected the Printing Press

6. HUMANISM
 Humanist beliefs stress the potential value and goodness of human beings, emphasize common human needs, and seek solely rational ways of solving human problems.

7. HUMANISM Derived from the Latin word humanitas which means “culture”.
This movement started in the early part of the 14th even up to the 16th century.
This period was marked by a revival of the classical influences of the Romans and Greeks, expressed in the flowering of the arts and literature as well as the beginning of modern science.

8. The Renaissance Period
RENAISSANCE came from the French word “renaitre” .
It was a general re-awakening, a revival or rebirth of learning.
The renaissance upheld the dignity of the human being, renewed the spirit of nationalism.
It is also the time for increased trade among countries, and a period of exploration.
This lead to scientific research which was used to solve problems.
Books were printed and thus were made more widely available.

9. Different movements that arise during the Renaissance Period
Humanism
The Reformation
Protestant Reformation
Catholic-Counter Reformation
Realism
Disciplinism
Rationalism
Naturalism
Nationalism
Developmentalism

10. Humanistic Education was the outgrowth of the renaissance
Humanistic Education was the outgrowth of the renaissance. It identified two phases:
Italian Humanism or individual humanism
Humanism North of the Alps (NotA) or the Social humanism

13. Italian or individual humanism
This stressed
personal culture,
individual
freedom and
the development
of the elite group.

14. Aims of Italian Humanism
Academic Freedom
Abundant Living
Liberal Education

15. Types of Education
Literary and Aesthetic Education
Physical Education
Moral and Religious Training
Intellectual Training

16. Agencies of Humanistic Education
Lower or elementary schools
Secondary or Court schools
Universities
Organization of Grade Levels
Girls were taught by tutors at home
The boys had to go through school step by step: elementary, high school and university.

17. Methods of Instruction
Lecture
Writing Themes
Development of Self-expression
Development of interest and power of thinking
Balanced mental and physical activity.

18. Methods of Instruction (cont.)
Curriculum was varied and there was alteration of subjects.
Discipline was mild and motivation was emphasized.
Punishment – not used as motivation for learning

19. Financing
Rich children paid
Bright but poor children received aid.
The court (secondary) schools were founded and supported by the princes and dukes of the Italian city-states.

20. Italian Humanism contributed the following to education:
Secondary schools served as models in other countries.
Academic freedom was founded: freedom of thought, self-expression, and creative activity.
Revival of Roman and Greek classics.
Use of texts and less of lectures and written themes instead of oral recitation.

21. Humanism North of the Alps
This Social Humanism started by the work of the Hieronymians or Brothers of the Common Life, a nonmonastic order founded in Holland 1376.
Characteristics of the Northern Humanism
The piety of the brethren – Kempis
Their broad literary spirit - Erasmus

23. Popular Humanist during this time:
Erasmus
a Dutch scholar
Known for his educational works “Liberal Education of children” & “On the Order of Study”

24. Popular Humanist during this time:
Thomas à Kempis
a German writer
Known for his works in volumes and one volume is entitled “The Imitation of Christ”

25. Aims of Northern Humanism
Social – to reform society from greed, selfishness and exploitation by Church and political leaders.
Religious and moral – morality ahead of manners.
Literacy – to wipe out the ignorance of the people.
Literary
Democratic – to make education accessible to all classes of society.

26. Types of Education Social education Religious and moral education
Literacy education
Literary education
Democratic education

27. Lower or elementary schools Secondary schools
Agencies of Education
Lower or elementary schools
Secondary schools
Famous secondary schools
St. Paul School in London by John Colet
Gymnasium in Germany by Johann Sturm
Universities
Famous Universities
Cambridge – Erasmus was the first teacher
Oxford
University of Wittenburg – by Melanchthon