1. LO: To assess the impact of War upon Tsarist Russia
Learning Outcomes
By the end of this lesson you will be able to…
Describe the Crimean and Japanese Wars E-D
Explain their impact upon Tsarism C-B
Compare and contrast their effect A-A*

2. LO: To assess the impact of War upon Tsarist Russia
Describe the Crimean and Japanese Wars E-D
Explain their impact upon Tsarism C-B
Compare and contrast their effect A-A*
Half a league, half a league,
Half a league onward,
All in the valley of Death
   Rode the six hundred.
“Forward, the Light Brigade!
Charge for the guns!” he said.
Into the valley of Death
Charge of the Light Brigade,
Alfred, Lord Tennyson, 1854

3. LO: To assess the impact of War upon Tsarist Russia
Describe the Crimean and Japanese Wars E-D
Explain their impact upon Tsarism C-B
Compare and contrast their effect A-A*
The Crimean War
Fought Ottoman Turks, Britain and France.
Had origins in crumbling Ottoman Empire.
Short term dispute between Russia and France
Over the Holy Land.
French intervene for Catholic access to
Holy Sepulchre
Russia moves into Turkish Lands, Turkey
declares War!
Nicholas’s desperation to show strength
results in war.
- West launches an all-singing all-dancing campaign.
Impact of the War
Slavophiles question Russia’s
Greatness.
“Russia lost 450,000 men mostly
From disease, Britain 22,000” (Farmer)
Treaty of Paris
Russia lost duty to protect Holy
Land
Prohibited from keeping fleet in
Black Sea. Humiliating!
Hand over Besserabia and
Moldavia. Fear of Russian potential.
Key Events
1853 Turkish Fleet sunk at Sinope
1854 Fr GB ultimatum for withdrawal.
Sep Battle of Alma
Battle of Balaclava
Battle of Unkerman.
Oct Siege of Sevastopol
Feb Nicholas I dies.
Aug Sevastopol surrenders
Mar Treaty of Paris
“At a stroke Russia ceased to be a
leading guarantor of the Status Quo and
became a power dedicated to regaining
sovereign power over lost territory”
(Hosking)
Emancipation of the Serfs
Reduced role nobility leads to Zemstva
Expansion of railway system clearly
Stimulated by the war.
Would these changes have occurred without
the war?

4. LO: To assess the impact of War upon Tsarist Russia
Describe the Crimean and Japanese Wars E-D
Explain their impact upon Tsarism C-B
Compare and contrast their effect A-A*
Changes to Russian Military
Russian Army consisted of
1 million, mostly peasants.
“Running of the Gauntlet”
Accomodation poor
m soldiers died
From poor health.
Lack of decent clothing and
Weapons.
“We have no army, we have a
Horde of slaves cowed by
Discipline, ordered about by
Thieves and slave traders” - Tolstoy
military reforms
By Dimitry Milyutin.
Modelled on Prussian system.
Service 15 years
Training modernised
Staff College
Army trained for civil
Disorder.

5. LO: To assess the impact of War upon Tsarist Russia
Describe the Crimean and Japanese Wars E-D
Explain their impact upon Tsarism C-B
Compare and contrast their effect A-A*
Russo-Japanese War
Concern over Japanese expansion
Carve up of weakened China
Russia takes Port Arthur
Disagreements over Korea
Hawks and Doves in Russia
Japanese surprise attack on
Russia Pacific Squadron Feb 1903.
- Blockade ensues.
Impact of the conflict
- Treaty of Portsmouth August 1905
Russia forced to withdraw from
Sakhalin, Port Arthur and Manchuria
Japan given sovereignty in Korea.
Russian indemnities waived.
Showed Russian military leaders had a
Lack of knowledge and skill.
Defeat against a supposedly inferior enemy
Associated with the Tsar himself.
Associated unrest in 1905 akin to a revolution
For some historians.
1905 leads to Nicholas II reluctantly setting up
A Duma. Unlikely this could have happened without the
War. Especially as Duma powers quickly then
Weakened.
Destroys image of resurgent Russian industrial
Power. Defeat could not be blamed on serfdom.
Renewed investment in Transport Infrastructure.
Industrial change pushed, ironically led to
Urbanisation and public health problems.
Major agricultural change pushed by Stolypin.
The biggest turning point of them all?
Key Events
1904 Battle of Yalu River
Outnumbered Russians well beaten.
Feb Battle of Mukden
90,000 Russian casualties.
Dec 1905 Port Arthur surrendurs,
60,000 Russians captured.
May 1905 Rozhestvensky’s Baltic
Squadron sunk at Tsushima Straits.
Aug 1905 Treaty of Portsmouth.

6. LO: To assess the impact of War upon Tsarist Russia
Describe the Crimean and Japanese Wars E-D
Explain their impact upon Tsarism C-B
Compare and contrast their effect A-A*

7. LO: To assess the impact of War upon Tsarist Russia
Describe the Crimean and Japanese Wars E-D
Explain their impact upon Tsarism C-B
Compare and contrast their effect A-A*

8. LO: To assess the impact of War upon Tsarist Russia
Describe the Crimean and Japanese Wars E-D
Explain their impact upon Tsarism C-B
Compare and contrast their effect A-A*

9. LO: To assess the impact of War upon Tsarist Russia
Describe the Crimean and Japanese Wars E-D
Explain their impact upon Tsarism C-B
Compare and contrast their effect A-A*

10. LO: To assess the impact of War upon Tsarist Russia
Describe the Crimean and Japanese Wars E-D
Explain their impact upon Tsarism C-B
Compare and contrast their effect A-A*

11. LO: To assess the impact of War upon Tsarist Russia
Describe the Crimean and Japanese Wars E-D
Explain their impact upon Tsarism C-B
Compare and contrast their effect A-A*

12. LO: To assess the impact of War upon Tsarist Russia
Describe the Crimean and Japanese Wars E-D
Explain their impact upon Tsarism C-B
Compare and contrast their effect A-A*

13. LO: To assess the impact of War upon Tsarist Russia
Describe the Crimean and Japanese Wars E-D
Explain their impact upon Tsarism C-B
Compare and contrast their effect A-A*

14. LO: To assess the impact of War upon Tsarist Russia
Describe the Crimean and Japanese Wars E-D
Explain their impact upon Tsarism C-B
Compare and contrast their effect A-A*

15. LO: To assess the impact of War upon Tsarist Russia
Describe the Crimean and Japanese Wars E-D
Explain their impact upon Tsarism C-B
Compare and contrast their effect A-A*

16. LO: To assess the impact of War upon Tsarist Russia
Describe the Crimean and Japanese Wars E-D
Explain their impact upon Tsarism C-B
Compare and contrast their effect A-A*

17. LO: To assess the impact of War upon Tsarist Russia
Describe the Crimean and Japanese Wars E-D
Explain their impact upon Tsarism C-B
Compare and contrast their effect A-A*