2. Nationalism and Europe... the continued effects of the Enlightenment and Revolutions in the West

3. Belgium breaks away from Holland Remember that the Dutch had gained their Ind. from the Spanish in the 16th century

4. The effects of Napoleon do not end with his defeat. wNwNapoleon had inspired a great deal of nationalism throughout Europe. wHwHoly Alliance formed to try to restore conservatism to Europe-why? wRwRevolutions flared throughout Europe for the rest of the first half of the century.

5. Revolutions

6. Greeks revolt against Turks begins in 1821

7. Greek independence movement In 1827 the Ottoman Fleet was defeated by a combined force of British, French, and Russian ships. Why would these oft times enemies cooperate to help the Greeks?

8. The Ottoman Empire lost Greece in 1830 and would lose Serbia, Bulgaria, Montenegro, and Romania in the 1870s Serbia Montenegro

9. In 1853 Tsar Nicholas I threatened to take over part of the Ottoman Empire.

10. In 1856 the Russians were defeated by the combined forces of the Ottomans, British, French, and Sardinians. Why would the British and French help their former enemy against their former ally? The scene above depicts the famous – Charge of the Light Brigade (immortalized by Lord Tennyson)

11. Cannon to right of them, Cannon to left of them, Cannon in front of them Volley'd and thunder'd; Storm'd at with shot and shell, Boldly they rode and well, Into the jaws of Death, Into the mouth of hell Rode the six hundred. Flash'd all their sabres bare, Flash'd as they turn'd in air, Sabring the gunners there, Charging an army, while All the world wonder'd: Plunged in the battery-smoke Right thro' the line they broke; Cossack and Russian Reel'd from the sabre stroke Shattered and sundered Then they rode back But not the six hundred.

12. The humiliating defeat forced Russia to take a hard look at herself! Nicholas’s son Alexander II moved toward modernization shortly after the war. In 1861 he emancipated (freed) the serfs. Despite his efforts he was assassinated in 1881. His son Alexander III halted his father’s efforts and attempted to return to a more conservative govt. - tightening his control over the country. Why would he move away from his father’s liberal policies?