1. Mid To Late 20 th Century

2. Indian Independence Movement Temple at Amritsar 1919 Salt March 1930 and Mohandas K. Gandhi Indian Independence 1947

3. Mid To Late 20 th Century Temple at Amritsar April 3, 1919 Site of a large peaceful gathering Orders had gone out from the British which had banned public meetings. The announcement was either ignored or not heard. Result General Dyer had 50 soldiers and opened fire to clear the field and killed 379 people and wounded 1,100.

4. Mid To Late 20 th Century Temple at Amritsar Sikhsangatofva.org

5. Mid To Late 20 th Century Temple at Amritsar http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-21515360

6. Mid To Late 20 th Century Mohandas K. Gandhi (1869-1948) --Mahatma (Great Soul) --Worked as a lawyer in South Africa where he experienced racism first hand --Returns to India in 1914 and adopts the idea of nonviolent (passive) resistance. Embraced the Hindu tradition of Ahimsa (Uh him sah) --Admires the Western thinkers like Henry David Thoreau and idea of Civil Disobedience refusal to obey an unjust law. Departments.Bucknell.edu

7. Mid To Late 20 th Century Salt March 1930 Gandhimemorial.org

8. Mid To Late 20 th Century Women Breaking Salt Law Beaten by Police Webpub.allegheny.edu

9. Mid To Late 20 th Century Gandhi and the Salt March Britain held a monopoly on salt Gandhi and 78 followers marched 240 miles to the city of Dandi. The march ends on April 6, 1930 when he picks up salt and declares he is shaking the foundations of the British Empire

10. Mid To Late 20 th Century Webpub.allegheny.edu Allinthepast.wordpress.com

11. Mid To Late 20 th Century Gandhi and the Salt March http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lJdErHQGEHM

12. Mid To Late 20 th Century Gandhi at the End of the Salt March Picking up salt in Bhimrad http://webpub.allegheny.edu/employ ee/e/epalmer/webcoursematerials/R CDWeb/presentations/gandhi.web/g andhi.html

13. Mid To Late 20 th Century The Story of India http://www.pbs.org/thestoryofindia/timeline/6/

14. Mid To Late 20 th Century Indian Independence Churchill vowed “never to preside over the liquidation of the British Empire” The economic devastation of World War II made it unrealistic for Britain to continue bearing the burden of India

15. Mid To Late 20 th Century Indian Independence Day of Direct Action Great Calcutta Killing August 16, 1946 The purpose of winning a separate Muslim state. There were general strikes in all spheres of civic, commercial and industrial life except essential services. There were 600 deaths as a result.

16. Mid To Late 20 th Century The Day India Burned http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zQnARfK9G_w

17. Mid To Late 20 th Century The Vivisection of India http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VQfruTuH4Vg

18. Mid To Late 20 th Century Nehru and Ghandi NYTimes.com

19. Mid To Late 20 th Century South Africa During much of the 20 th century it was dominated by a white minority which controlled the government. By 1910, South Africa gained its freedom from Britain. Whites made up less than 20% of the population but controlled most of the fertile land and mineral resources. By 1912, the African National Congress was set up to oppose white domination.

20. Mid To Late 20 th Century South Africa Post World War II Many native blacks moved to the cities and towns and demanded equal rights. Afrikaners—descendants from Dutch settlers by 1948 set up the Afrikaner National Party. It was a majority in a whites-only Parliament. The system of Apartheid was set up at this time. Apartheid Apartheid = Apartness

21. Mid To Late 20 th Century Mandela Released from Prison http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5s8xkjG8bx4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lrALdYx9GZE

22. Mid To Late 20 th Century South Africa Lib.utexas.edu

23. Mid To Late 20 th Century South Africa Lib.utexas.edu

24. Mid To Late 20 th Century Affects of Apartheid 1) A divided society (black, white, colored; mixed descent and Asian) 2) Black South Africans assigned to homelands based on ethnic groups 3) Limitations on civil liberties A) Required to carry passes B) Couldn’t vote C) Subject to arrest at anytime D) Banned marriages E) Segregation in public places

25. Mid To Late 20 th Century Resistance and Reform Bishop Desmond Tutu Archbishop of the South African Anglican church urged non-violent tactics against apartheid. Won Nobel Peace Prize in 1984 Msutoday.msu.edu

26. Mid To Late 20 th Century Resistance and Reform Nelson Mandela Formed the ANC Youth League. Utilized civil disobedience against Apartheid Laws. He was imprisoned for 27 years for conspiracy and sabotage. Biography.com

27. Mid To Late 20 th Century Resistance and Reform The Apartheid system was reformed through the use of sanctions—laws prohibiting a nation’s business from buying or selling goods to a country that violates international law.

28. Mid To Late 20 th Century Rwanda Rwanda—T he Beginning http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa- 26875506

29. Mid To Late 20 th Century Rwanda NewstimeAfrica.com

30. Mid To Late 20 th Century Rwanda Cia.gov

31. Mid To Late 20 th Century Rwanda http://www.history.com/topics/rwandan-genocide

32. Mid To Late 20 th Century Rwanda Rwandan Genocide Survivor http://www.cbsnews.com/news/rwandan- genocide-survivor-recalls-horror/

33. Mid To Late 20 th Century Rwanda

34. Rwanda