1. Chapter 29: Plant Diversity
Admit Slip
3. List 3 words you think of when you look at the picture/diagram
2. Write 2 ideas you have based on the picture and your words. If possible, use your words as you write your ideas.
1. Write 1 question you have.
How plants colonized land
Chapter 29.1

2. Plants supply oxygen and are the ultimate provider of most of the food eaten or absorbed by other organisms.

3. Terminology -phyte=Plant Bryo=moss Ptero=fern Gymno=naked
Mitosis: division of cells-forms identical copy with full set of chromosomes (2n), body cells
Meiosis: division of cells-forms a cell with a half set of chromosomes (n), sex cells
Haploid: half the total chromosomes for an organism (egg/sperm)
Diploid: full number of chromosomes for an organims (somatic)

4. What problems do terrestrial habitats offer for plants????

5. Land plants evolved from green algae
Evolved from Charophytes (green algae) more than 500 million years ago.
Evidence for evolution from Charophytes
Both produce cellulose for cell walls the same way
Their peroxisomes have enzymes that reduce effects of photorespiration (unique to both)
Both produce cell plates the same way during cell division
Structure of sperm is closely related
Nuclear and chloroplast genetic evidence suggests close relation

6. Charophytes
Chara
Spirogyra
Coleochaete

7. Problems of life on land

8. Problems of life on land

9. Movement of plants from sea to land
Advantages:
Increased sunlight (unfiltered by water)
More carbon dioxide in atmosphere than water
Soils rich in nutrients
Fewer predators
Challenges
Lack of water
Desiccation
Lack of structural
support against gravity

10. Adaptations of Land Plants
Adaptations in growth
apical meristem: localized region of cell division at tips of roots and shoots
Adaptations in reproduction
alternation of generations
walled spores: protect spores in harsh environments
multicellular gametangia: structures for gamete production
multicellular dependent embryos: transfer of nutrients from tissue to embryo
Adaptations against water loss
Cuticle

11. Alteration of Generations
All land plants have two multicellular stages
Gametophyte
plant cells are haploid
Gametes are produced
Sporophyte
plant cells are diploid
Divides mitotically
Sporophyte produces spores through meiosis

12. Alteration of Generations
During fertilization: gametes (egg and sperm-both haploid) fuse to form a diploid zygote (sporophyte)
Zygote develops in tissues of female parent getting nutrients from it, sometimes called an embryophyte

13. Gametangia
Plants produce gametes in multicellular structures called gametangia
Female: archegonia-produces a single egg
Male: antheridia-produces many sperm

14. Chapter 29: Plant Diversity
How plants colonized land
Chapter 29.2

15. Bryophytes Moss Nonvasular (small size) Seedless
Life cycle dominated by gametophyte stage
Water required for sperm to swim to the egg during fertilization

16. Bryophyte life cycle

18. Chapter 29: Plant Diversity
How plants colonized land
Chapter 29.3

19. Pteridophytes/Ferns First plants with vascular tissue Seedless
Allowed plants to grow tall and gain access to sunlight
Seedless
Require film of water for sperm to reach egg
Life cycle dominated by the sporophyte stage
Meiosis occurs in sporangia producing haploid spores which may grow into gametophytes with anteridia (release sperm) and achegonium (produce egg, house zygote after fertilization)

20. Pteridophytes/Ferns life cycle

21. Evolution of land plants