1. Strategies for Independent Learning
Education 525

2. Self-advocacy skills can be taught to students of all ages and disabilities

3. How can you effectively teach independent learning strategies in class?
Learning strategies are techniques, principles, and rules that enable a student to learn to solve problems and complete tasks independently
Similar to study skills
For students to use learning strategies independently, they must first learn to perform them accurately and fluently

4. Steps for teaching effective learning strategies
1. Assess current strategy use
What is it that the students use to help them learn? (memory, handouts, projects)
2. Clarify expectations
What do you want the students to do in long division?

5. Steps for teaching effective learning strategies (2)
3. Demonstrate use of the strategy
Talk aloud while performing the skill (think of Rachel Ray); present positive and negative examples; ask frequent questions to check understanding
4. Encourage students to memorize strategy steps
Ex: KWL chart, SQ3R, long division

6. Steps for teaching effective learning strategies (3)
5. Provide guided and independent practice
Do practice items/problems with the students
6. Administer posttests
Watch the students use the strategies

7. We have to teach the student how to do the strategies…
We have to teach the student how to do the strategies….we don’t want to give them a fish, we want to teach them how to fish

8. Learning Strategies
Let’s talk about a few…

9. CAPS STRATEGY C. Who are the characters?
A. What is the aim of the story?
P. What problem happens?
S. How is the problem solved?

10. CAPS STRATEGY (2)
What is it and which curricular area would you most likely use it with.

11. CALL UP STRATEGY
CALL UP is a strategy for taking lecture notes that has the following steps (Czarnecki, Rosko, & Fine, 1998):
C Copy from the board or transparency
A Add details
L Listen and write the question
L Listen and write the answer
U Utilize the text
P Put in your own words

12. CALL UP STRATEGY (2) When would you likely use this strategy?
What preskill do students need to know for the CALL UP approach?

13. POSSE STRATEGY
Another reading comprehension strategy is POSSE (Englert & Mariage, 1991). This strategy includes many reading practices that have been shown to aid reading comprehension, such as graphic organizers, test structures, stimulation of student background knowledge, and self-monitoring. The steps in this strategy are as follows:

14. POSSE STRATEGY (2)
P Predict ideas O Organize the ideas S Search for the structure S Summarize the main ideas E Evaluate your understanding

15. POSSE STRATEGY (3)
Elaborate on this:
What are the 5 steps

16. Self-Monitoring
Students watch and check themselves to make sure that they have performed targeted behaviors
Ex: students can keep track of number of talk outs in class
Self-monitoring can be applied to any learning strategy

17. Self-Instruction
Learners are taught language to guide their performance
Students are taught to ask themselves through a task -

18. Self-Questioning
A form of self-instruction in which students guide their performance by asking themselves questions
Ex: give students an editing check-list
Have I capitalized all of the letters at the beginning of a sentence?

19. CBM
Not to be confused with CBA (curriculum based assessment) that we already talked about
CBM - cognitive behavior modification - self graphing steps; super nanny; stickers, color changes

20. Self Reinforcement
Saying “good job” to ourselves

21. The keyword method for teaching in content areas:
is a mnemonic device that associates the new word with a word that sounds similar and an illustration that is easy to remember

22. MNEMONIC KEY WORD METHOD
Helps with vocabulary words or concepts that are abstract or difficult to remember.
A type of reconstructive elaboration.
Make abstract more concrete.

23. MNEMONIC KEYWORD METHOD (2)
THREE STEPS
Take unfamiliar word or concept
Choose a familiar word that is acoustically similar and can be readily visualized
3. Form a link between the unknown word and the key word
ex: habitat…speculation

24. MNEMONIC KEYWORD METHOD (3)
Requirements for list items:
1. Must be related to the heading. 2. Must be short 3. Must be accurate.
4. Must be useful 5. Must not be repetitive.
6. Must be parallel to other items
7. Must not make the list too long.

25. FIRST LETTER MNEMONICS STRATEGY (2)
STEPS FOR MAKING AND MEMORIZING LISTS:
Step 1: Look for cues.
Step 2: Investigate the items.
Step 3: Select a mnemonic device using “FIRST” Step 4: Transfer the information to a card
Step 5: Self-test

26. FIRST LETTER MNEMONICS STRATEGY 3)
STEPS FOR DESIGNING A MNEMONNIC DEVICE
Step 1: Form a word
Step 2: Insert a letter (s)
Step 3: Rearrange the letters
Step 4: Shape the sentence
Step 5: Try combinations
Example: