1. Chapter 26 – Day 1 Aim: How did East Asia experience both tradition and change during the Ming and Qing Dynasties? Do Now: Pair/Share 1) What threatened the Ming Dynasty? 2) How did they try to protect themselves?

2. Ming (“Brilliant”) dynasty comes to power after Mongol Yuan dynasty driven out
Founded by Emperor Hongwu (r )
Used traveling officials called Mandarins & large number of eunuchs to maintain control
Emperor Yongle (r ) experiments with sea expeditions, moves capital north to Beijing – WHY?
To deter Mongol attacks
The Ming Dynasty ( )

3. The Great Wall
Origins before 4th century BCE, ruins from Qin dynasty in 3rd century BCE
Rebuilt under Ming rule, 15th-16th centuries
1,550 miles, feet high
Guard towers
Room for housing soldiers

4. Admiral Zheng He - From 1405 to 1433 Emperor sent a Muslim eunuch to lead Ming’s fleets across the Indian Ocean
In 1435 court scholars convinced the emperor that voyages wasteful, encouraged foreign ideas, and ruin China
Emperor ended naval explorations and destroyed records of voyages
What if the Chinese had continued exploring??? Result?

5. Ming Decline
16th century maritime pirates harm coastal trade
Navy, government unable to respond effectively
Emperors secluded in Forbidden City, palace compound in Beijing
Hedonists
Emperor Wanli (r ) abandons imperial activity to eunuchs
Eradicating the Mongol Past – HOW?
Ming emperors encourage abandonment of Mongol names, dress
Support study of Confucian classics
Civil service examinations renewed

6. Ming Collapses Famine, peasant rebellions in early 17th century
Rebels take Beijing in 1644 (from Manchuria)
Manchu fighters enter from the north and retake city
Manchus refuse to allow reestablishment of Ming dynasty
Establish Qing (“Pure”) Dynasty

7. Qing Empire, 1644-1911 – Observations???

8. The Qing Dynasty ( )
Manchus originally pastoral nomads, north of Great Wall
Establishes control over Korea, Mongolia, China
War with Ming loyalists to 1680
Support from many Chinese, fed up with Ming corruption
Manchus forbid intermarriage, study of Manchu language by Chinese, force Manchu hairstyles as sign of loyalty

9. Ming, Qing Emperors considered quasi-divine
The “Son of Heaven”
Ming, Qing Emperors considered quasi-divine
Hundreds of concubines, thousands of eunuch servants
Clothing designs, name characters forbidden to rest of population
The kowtow: three bows, nine head-knocks sign of obedience, respect
Emperor Kangxi (r )
Confucian scholar, poet
Military conquests: island of Taiwan, Tibet, central Asia
Grandson Emperor Qianlong (r ) expands territory
Height of Qing dynasty
Great prosperity, tax collection cancelled on several occasions

10. The Scholar-Bureaucrats
Ran government on a day-to-day basis
Graduates from intense civil service examinations (see article on Chinese cram schools on website)
Open only to men
Curriculum: Confucian classics, calligraphy, poetry, essay writing
Also: history, literature

11. The Civil Service Examinations – Why so important?
District, provincial, and metropolitan levels
Only 300 allowed to pass at highest level
Multiple attempts common
Students expected to bring bedding, chamber pots for three-day uninterrupted examinations
Students searched for printed materials before entering private cells
Ferocious competition
Qing dynasty: 1 million degree holders compete for 20,000 government positions
Remainder turn to teaching, tutoring positions
Some corruption, cheating
Advantage for wealthy classes: hiring private tutors, etc.
But open to all, tremendous opportunity for social mobility -HOW?

12. Create a multiple choice question based on previous material
1. Which of the following is not true of the Manchus? A) They were nomads. B) They came from Manchuria. C) They rejected Confucian principles in favor of a Mongol-style tribal council. D) They established the Qing dynasty. E) all of the above are true 2. Which of the following is true of China's civil service system? A) It was a flexible system that focused on studying cutting edge scientific texts. B) It was not very competitive. C) It ensured that the most progressive men available governed China. D) It guaranteed the central place of Confucianism in Chinese education. E) It none of the above
Assessment
Create a multiple choice question based on previous material
Exchange question with neighbor
Share question/ answer with class