1. Taxying The Flying Training Manual – Section 5
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2. Objectives To use the aircraft controls to:
Manoeuvre the aircraft on the ground at a speed appropriate for the conditions;
Follow a selected path; and,
Stop at a nominated point.

3. Speed Control Throttle Brakes Directional Control Control Positioning
Considerations
Speed Control
Throttle
Brakes
Directional Control
Control Positioning

4. Considerations Rudder Pedals
Rudder pedals on most light aircraft have a dual purpose – to steer the nosewheel and braking.

5. Considerations Brakes Press ‘top’ of pedal’ to action
Stop by closing throttle and gently pressing toe brakes evenly
Differential braking
Use of park brake

6. Considerations Speed Control
Throttle controls speed – forward to increase power, back to decrease power
Initial increase required to overcome inertia and start moving
Reduce to setting that provides constant required speed

7. Considerations Speed Control Taxi at a fast walking pace
Anticipate the need to slow down
Wind affects speed on ground – tailwind faster
Do not use throttle ‘against’ brake

8. Considerations Directional Control
Nosewheel steering by rudder pedals – left pedal, aeroplane turns left and vice versa
Tendency for the aeroplane to want to ‘weathercock’
Taxi looking at a point in the distance

9. Considerations Control Positioning
Wind from the left, turn to the left & vice versa
Dive away from the wind
Control Positioning
neutral

10. Power setting will vary based on taxi surface
Considerations
Surface
Power setting will vary based on taxi surface
Grass (long, short, wet, dry)
Concrete, tar seal
Gravel
Slope
Cross surface joins on an angle
Be aware of prop clearance

11. Speed Control
Throttle
PA38

12. Speed Control
Throttle
C152
Increasing Power
Decreasing Power

13. Speed Control Moving Off
Initially more power is required to overcome inertia to start moving
Reduce the power to the minimum setting that will provide the required constant speed
Power required will vary based on the surface
Taxi at fast walking pace – 5 to 10 km/h

14. Speed Control Surface Power setting will vary based on taxi surface
Grass (long, short, wet, dry),
Concrete, Tar Seal,
Gravel
Cross surface joins on
an angle
Prop Clearance!!!!
Slope

15. Speed Control
Brakes
Press “Top” of the pedal to apply brakes.
Apply even pressure to both pedals to maintain a straight line.
Turning can be assisted with “Differential” braking.
Park Brake – operation different on various aircraft types.

16. Speed Control Brakes C152 Park Brake
Hold toe brakes and then pull knob
Then release toe brakes
To release - push toe brakes

17. Speed Control Brakes PA38 Park Brake Hold toe brakes, and pull lever
Then push knob to engage
To release – pull lever and release

18. Speed Control Slowing and Stopping Wind affects speed on the ground
Tailwind = Faster
Do not use throttle “against” brake
Anticipate need to slow down
Close the throttle and use the toe brakes to come to a stop.

19. the aeroplane turns right ,
Directional Control
Nose wheel steering is achieved by using the rudder pedals:
Push on the right pedal,
the aeroplane turns right ,
and vice versa
Look at a point in the distance
Do not focus just ahead of the aeroplane
Anticipate the need to turn

20. Directional Control

21. Wind from the left = turn to the left
Control Positioning
Consult the Aircraft Flight Manual.
Wind will increase the lift on control surfaces.
The aircraft tends to act as a weather vane (weathercocking).
Wind from the left = turn to the left
Deflect the control surfaces that will be affected by the wind, so that the wind cannot “pick up” the wing and/or tail.

22. Control Positioning

23. Airmanship - Right Of Way Rules
The Onus is on You

24. Airmanship - Right Of Way Rules
Landing vs Taxiing
The landing aircraft has Right of Way
The taxiing aircraft should Stop and Give Way

25. Airmanship - Right Of Way Rules
Head On
Each aircraft
turns to the
right

26. Airmanship - Right Of Way Rules
Converging
This aircraft has
Right of Way
Stop, or
Pass behind

27. Airmanship - Right Of Way Rules
Overtaking
This aircraft
has Right of
Way
Keep clear Position so of other the other
aircraft pilot can see you

28. Airmanship - Aerodrome Charts
(AIP New Zealand Vol 4)

29. Airmanship - Wind
Windsocks

30. Airmanship - Radio Communication
ABC Matamata Tower
ABC, Information Z Current,
Cross to Holding Point B
Taxi to Holding Point A
Hold Position
Matamata Tower this is ABC
ABC Request Taxi, ## Minutes, Area #, POB #, Information Z QNH ####
Cross To Holding Point B, ABC
Taxi To Holding Point A, ABC
Holding, ABC

31. Aircraft Management
Adjust seat position for full rudder deflection, your height and LOOKOUT
Engine warm before moving off
Brake check ASAP after first moving
Carb heat ON only for checks or clearing ice
Face into wind when stopped

32. Aircraft Management Taxi on the centreline Watch for wingtip clearance
Remember – No reverse available
Caution surface conditions
Don’t use power verses brakes

33. Human Factors Clean windscreen and side windows
Move head and body to avoid blind spots
Information Processing
Checklists
Record ATIS and clearances
Situational awareness – Mental 3D picture

34. Ground Exercise – Engine Starting
Seat adjusted correctly
Comfortable
Warm the engine before applying power to overcome inertia
Check the wind
LOOKOUT
Ahead and wingtips

35. Ground Exercise – Moving Off
LOOKOUT
Close the throttle
Release the park brake
Apply sufficient power to overcome inertia
Reduce the power
Test the brakes

36. Ground Exercise – Brake Test
ASAP after moving off
Even pressure
No need to come to a complete stop
Test Student’s and Instructor’s brakes

37. Ground Exercise – Speed & Direction
Anticipate the power required
Maintain safe taxi speed – fast walking pace
Maintain the centreline – Look well ahead
Avoid using power against brake

38. Ground Exercise – Turning
LOOKOUT
Anticipate turning the aircraft
Use rudder pedals to turn – heels on the floor and toes on the pedals
Use differential braking and power for tight turns

39. Ground Exercise – Wind
Be aware of the relative wind direction and move the controls accordingly

40. Ground Exercise – Stopping
Anticipate the nominated stopping position
Close the throttle
Evenly apply the toe brakes
When stopped – set the park brake
Set the power at the nominated RPM

41. Ground Exercise – Considerations
Shadows can be used to judge wingtip clearance – use your peripheral vision
Slipstream, jet blast, rotor wash!!!!!
Other aircraft?
Your aircraft?
Check instruments – particularly in turns

42. Brake Failure Close throttle, and Steer away from obstacles
If collision is imminent – FMIM
Fuel OFF,
Mixture OFF,
Ignition OFF, and
Master OFF

43. Steering Failure Close throttle, and STOP Shutdown
If collision is imminent – FMIM