1. FEBRUARY 13, 2017 Get out stuff for notes Latin American Revolutions
HW: Timeline due tomorrow!

2. European Empires: late 1700s

3. New Ideas Brewing in Europe

4. Mercantilism Economic system
Exploits natural resources of colonies for benefit of mother country

5. Social Structure

6. Causes of Latin American Revolutions
Enlightenment Ideas
Unfair social class system
Mercantilism
Inspiration of American and French Revolutions
Napoleonic Wars
Nationalism

7. Latin American Revolutions!

8. Haitian Revolution (1791-1804)
Haiti is wealthy sugar plantation colony
Haitian population: 90% African slaves % whites
Influence of French Rev.
Led by Toussaint L’Ouveture
First successful slave revolt

9. South American Revolutions
Provinces of Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador
Led by Simon Bolivar “El Libertador”
Creoles seek control and independence
Forms Gran Colombia
Goal was a “United States of South America”
Bolivia named after Bolivar

10. South American Revolutions
Jose de San Martin
Worked with Bolivar
Liberates southern South America
Chile, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay

11. Results
of the
Latin American
Revolutions

13. Brazil Freed from Portugal
The Portuguese royal family escaped Napoleon by fleeing to Brazil.
Pedro I set up a new, independent kingdom in 1821 when his father returned to Portugal.
Pedro II assumed full power after Pedro I abdicated his throne.

14. Independence for Spanish & Portuguese
By the mid-1820s, revolts create many newly-independent nations.
Toussaint L’Ouveture – Haiti
Bolívar, San Martín, & O’Higgins in: Paraguay, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Peru, Bolivia, the United Provinces of Central America, and Gran Columbia!

15. No Unity Failure of Bolivar’s dream for a united South America:
Many newly independent countries struggle with civil wars.
By 1830s, geographic factors (mts., the Amazon, etc.) plus cultural differences defeated attempts at unification.

16. Independence Brought More Poverty
The wars disrupted trade.
The wars devastated the cities and the countryside.
Social pyramid stays essentially the same
Creoles become highest class

17. Left Many Countries in the Control of Caudillos
Mid-19c dictators  military authoritarianism.
Mostly wealthy creole aristocrats.
Posed as reformers with goals to improve the economy and better the lives of the common people.
Enacted reform by force
Similar style of rule from before revolutions