1. PROTEIN
PROTEIN

2. Protein
A nutrient found in all living things. It contains nitrogen and is responsible for the formation, maintenance, and repair of the body’s tissues/ It can also be used for energy. CHNO

3. Amino acids
These are the building blocks of protein molecules. A molecule that combines with other amino acid molecules to make proteins
20 different amino acids are found in protein foods
Amino acids chain together to form TENS OF THOUSANDS of different proteins-about 30,000.
They can be arranged in any way.

4. Denaturation
Protein molecules can change their shape and take on new characteristics.
Heats, acids, bases, and alcohol can denature proteins.
Think of an egg being cooked, meat becoming tender-this is denaturation.
Once they are denatured they can never return to their original state. (A cooked egg can’t become a chick)
Stomach acid denatures protein so the body can use it.

5. OUR INES! Just like proteins!
Essential amino acid
Your body makes 11. These are called non-essential since your body makes them.
The other 9 come from food.
The 9 amino acid you need and your body cannot make, are ESSENTIAL amino acids
Basically, it is essential that you eat food with this acid so you can treat your body healthy!
OUR INES! Just like proteins!
Phenylalanine
Valine
Threonine
Tryptophan
Isoleucine
Methionine
Histidine
Leucine
Lysine

6. Complete proteins
Using the knowledge of needing to eat to get essential amino acids, there are certain foods that you get the most bang for your buck!
COMPLETE proteins have all 9 essential amino acids
MEAT
POULTRY
FISH
EGGS
MILK
SOY
Gelatin is the only animal protein that is not considered a complete protein.

7. Incomplete proteins
A food that lacks one or more essential amino acids
Most plant foods are incomplete proteins when they stand alone
Complementary proteins: 2 or more incomplete proteins combine to make a complete protein. Legumes + rice/corn/nuts= a complete protein
Can have combinations at different meals and still get the same, healthy results)

8. A general guideline to create a complete protein= Legumes (beans, peas, peanuts) + Nuts, seeds, grains Grains with Legumes - sample meal: lentils and rice with yellow peppers. Nuts with Legumes -  sample meal: black bean and peanut salad.

9. Multiple Functions of Protein
Build & Maintain Tissues
Make Important Compounds
Regulate Mineral & Fluid Balance
Maintain Acid Base Balance
Carry Vital Substances
Provide Energy

10. Build and Maintain Tissues proteins are constantly broken down and replaced As your body grows it uses protein to make new tissues. You need a CONTINOUS(un-interruped) supply of protein to grow and repair

11. Makes important compounds
Protein creates enzymes.
Enzymes cause specific chemical reactions that take place in every cell in your body which is made possible by these special proteins
Create hormones
Create antibodies that defend against disease & infection

12. Regulate mineral & fluid balance
Proteins help carry potassium & sodium from one side of the cell wall to the other
This helps the flow of water through cell membranes.
This helps balance fluid inside and outside of cells so heart, lungs, brain etc. can all function normally.

13. Maintain Acid base balance
Acid base balance refers to the correct level of acid in the body.
If blood becomes too acidic, it’s life threatening.
Proteins in the blood act as buffers-meaning it counteracts the amount of acid.

14. Carry Vital substances
Proteins + Fats = Lipoproteins, carries fat in the blood stream so it can be used
Carries oxygen and iron

15. Provide energy
If carbohydrates & fats are lacking in the diet, the body will use protein as its energy source.
Protein carries 4 calories per gram
The body will also use protein as an energy source if there is TOO MUCH protein in the diet.

16. How much do I need?
10 to 30 percent of your calories should come from proteins
Take your daily calorie requirement ______??????___________
How many calories should come from protein:
Find your percentage(10)
Daily calories (2800) X .10 = 280 calories each day
Protein has four calories per gram, so divide these number by four to determine the number of grams needed

17. Excess Protein If you eat too much, it can harm you!
Too much is hard on the digestive system
Excess protein is broken down and stored by the body as fat, which an lead to weight gain
Most healthy people do not need supplements with protein or amino acids, because they choose a variety of foods

18. Inadequate protein
Protein-energy malnutrition PEM occurs when a person dos not get enough calories and protein
One of the most common forms of malnutrition in the world!
Drug addictions and eating disorders can also lead to this

19. Vegetarians fall into the following groups:
Vegetarians have long argued that it is possible, with careful planning, to meet daily protein requirements without consuming animal sources.
Vegetarians fall into the following groups:
Vegans: consume foods only from plant sources
Lacto-vegetarians: eat foods from plant sources and dairy products
Ovo-vegetarians: eat foods from plant sources and eggs
Lacto-ovo vegetarians: eat foods from plant sources, dairy products, and eggs
Semi-vegetarians: eat no red meat, but eat poultry and seafood

20. Plants and protein
BENEFITS: By eating more protein from plant sources, you intake less fat and have more fiber than from animal sources
DRAWBACK: May not get all of the essential amino acids. Must eat a variety of plant based proteins in order to do so. They also need to take special care to ensure adequate consumption of certain vitamins and minerals that are not supplied by a diet rich in plant sources. These nutrients include: zinc, calcium, iron, Vitamin D, and Vitamin B12.
Meatless dishes with complete proteins include rice and beans, a peanut butter sandwich, hummus on pita bread
Soybeans, quinoa, and buck wheat have complete proteins
Tofu, and soy milk add during preparation

21. Health benefits
Most vegetarians enjoy health benefits from eating a diet that is generally high in fiber and low in saturated fats and cholesterol. Vegetarianism doesn’t guarantee proper nutrition. Just as every other population, vegetarians need to be mindful of fat intake and calorie intake. They also need to take special care to ensure adequate consumption of certain vitamins and minerals that are not supplied by a diet rich in plant sources. These nutrients include: zinc, calcium, iron, Vitamin D, and Vitamin B12.