1. #22 Ch 7 S 2
Details:
Read & Notes Ch 7 S 2
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2. Urbanization: Problems & Solutions
Chapter 7
Section 2
Urbanization:
Problems & Solutions

3. California Academic Standards:
11.2.3: Trace the effect of the Americanization movement

4. Objectives:
Following lecture and reading of this section, students will be able to:
Describe the movement of immigrants to cities and the opportunities they found there
Explain how cities dealt with problems related to housing, transportation, water supply, sanitation, and fire and police protection
Describe some of the organizations and people who offered help to urban immigrants

5. Urban Opportunities Most new immigrants settled in cities
Cities are the cheapest and most convenient places to live
Unskilled labor was needed in cities, especially in industry (factories)
Immigrants clustered together in ethnic neighborhoods
Safety in numbers with their own people
Native born Americans were feeling threatened by size and fear of hostility of immigrant

6. Urban Opportunities cont.
Overcrowding was becoming a problem
New technology makes farming more efficient, this results in a loss of jobs because not as many farm workers are needed
Unskilled labor force goes up
Not enough jobs for everyone who wants one to have one
Wages are lowered as people will work for less money just to have a job.
higher tension between immigrants and native born Americans because of competition for jobs

7. Urban Opportunities cont.
Ex-farm workers move to the cities to find jobs in industries
Cities offer diverse cultural opportunities
Could be entertained in different ways in the cities with theater or sporting events

8. Checking For Understanding
What effect did immigration have on unskilled labor force?
The number of workers went up, so the amount of money being paid went down.
What did the technology allowing farms to need less workers lead to?
Overcrowding in the cities

9. Advantages and Disadvantages of Living Conditions Between Urban and Rural
Today
City (Urban)
Farms (Rural)
Advantages
Disadvantages
Close to main aspects of life
People
Sports teams
Airports
Freeways
Public transportation
Jobs
Variety
Over-crowded
Homeless
Gangs
Immigrants
Filthy living conditions
Language barriers
Lost in the shuffle
By yourself
Safe
Know most people around you
Slower pace of life
Lonely
Far from
sports teams
airports
restaurants
people
As the urban population increases, cities struggled with many problems.

10. Difficult work Subject to drought Close to jobs
Advantages and Disadvantages of Living Conditions Between Urban and Rural
Turn of the Century
City (Urban)
Farms (Rural)
Advantages
Disadvantages
Close to jobs
Could rent property for a profit
Overcrowded housing
Unsanitary conditions
Transportation problems
Fresh water issues
Fire danger
Crime
Good housing out of main city area
Away from crowds
Work the land
Self-reliant
Difficult work
Subject to drought

11. Problem Solution(s) Housing Transport-ation Water Sanitation Crime
Fire
Row Houses & Dumbbell tenements
Street Cars & Subways
Public Waterworks, Filtration, & Chlorination
Sewer Systems & Sanitation Departments
Police Dept.
Fire Dept. & change building materials

12. Urban Problems & Solutions
Housing
Row Houses
Houses that shared a common wall, similar to a duplex, they enabled a lot of people to live on one block
Dumbbell tenements
Got name from their shape, they were five or six stories tall shaped like barbells
Idea was that every room would have a window to prevent disease.
People began dumping trash into the air shaft attracting rats
people had to nail windows shut to keep out the stench
Dumbbells soon became worst housing option

13. Urban Problems & Solutions cont.
Mass Transportation
People used to walk to work, now they lived too far away from their jobs
Street cars came up in San Francisco and Virginia
The first subway, underground transportation, was introduced in Boston in 1897
Transportation linked people to other cities and other areas of cities
Transportation systems became outdated and were difficult to maintain and repair

14. Urban Problems & Solutions
Freshwater supplies
No indoor plumbing usually
Quality of water was inadequate
People collected water in pails from faucets on the street, then heated it for the bath
Cholera and typhoid (water borne diseases) were found in the water
Solutions
Public Waterworks
Filtration & Chlorination

15. Urban Problems & Solutions
Sanitation
Trash
Manure
Sewage
Solutions
Sewage Pipes
Sanitation Departments

16. Urban Problems & Solutions
Fires
Cities built out of wood for the most part
Fires spread quickly
Cities did not begin hiring full time firefighters until 1853
1900 most cities had a fire department
Two major fires
Great Chicago Fire
San Francisco Earthquake Fire
Both destroyed the city and showed the dangers of over population in the city

17. Urban Problems & Solutions
Crime
Police departments were instituted to keep crime down.

18. Reformers Mobilize
Reform minded church leaders inspire the building of churches in poor neighborhoods and support efforts to help the poverty-stricken
The social gospel movement- a social reform movement that preached salvation through service to the poor
Washington Gladden inspired people to build churches and treat workers more fairly
Settlement houses are established in slum areas in order to provide educational, cultural and, social services to the poor.
Jane Addams was one such founder of a settlement house called Hull House of Chicago
Settlement Houses and the Social Gospel Movement were created to show the need for social responsibility and social reform

19. Checking For Understanding
What were the solutions to over crowding and a lack of housing?
Row Houses & Dumbbell Tenements.
What happened in Chicago and San Francisco that caused people to look into other building types and materials?
Fires
What was established in slum areas in order to provide educational, cultural and, social services to the poor?
Settlement Houses

20. #22 Ch 7 S 2 Details: Read & Notes Ch 7 S 2 Margin Questions: A-C (3)
Study Guide ?s 1-5 (5)