1. Key Issue #3 WHY DO INDIViDUAL LANGUAGES VARY AMONG PLACES?
By: Wendy Morales, zaira cortez, Joselin Garcia, Leslie Gonzalez, Zuleyma Polanco, & Citlally LOPEZ

2. DIALECTS OF ENGLISH
DIALECTS IS A REGIONAL VARIATION OF A LANGUAGE DISTINGUISHED BY DISTINCTIVE VOCABULARY, SPELLING, AND PRONUNCIATION.
U.S HAS LARGE NUMBER OF DIALECTS, ESPECIALLY ENGLISH
IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY, IMMIGRANTS ADOPTED THE LANGUAGE IN THEIR HOMES WHEN ARRIVING.
ISOGLOSS IS A BOUNDARY THAT SEPARATES REGIONS IN WHICH DIFFERENT LANGUAGE USAGES PREDIOMATE.

3. SETTLEMENTS IN THE UNITED STATES
NEW ENGLAND:TWO THIRDS OF N.E WERE PURITANS FROM EAST ANGLIA IN S.E AND SOME FROM THE NORTH OF ENGLAND
SOUTHEASTERN:ABOUT HALF OF S.E REPRESENTED A DIVERSITY OF SOCIAL-CLASS BACKGROUNDS,EX.ARE DEPORTED PRISONERS, INDENTURED SERVANTS AND POLITICAL AND RELIGIOUS REFUGEES.
MIDLANDS:IMMIGRANTS ARE MORE DIVERSIFIED, SETTLERS FROM PENNSYLVANIA WERE QUAKERS FROM THE NORTH OF ENGLAND
GERMAN, DUTCH, AND SWEDISH IMMIGRANTS LEARNED ENGLISH FROM THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING SETTLERS IN THAT AREA.

4. Current dialect differences in the east
Major dialect differences continue to exist within the united states.
Many words that were once regionally distinctive are how national in distribution.
Mass media, especially television and radio, influence the adaptations of the same words throughout the country.

5. Pronunciation differences
Regional pronunciation differences are more familiar to us than word differences
The diffusion of particular english dialects is a result of the westward movement of colonists from the three east coast dialect regions
Northeastern and southeastern accent are unusual to americans. Comes from midlands
The three eastern dialect regions can also be divided into several sub dialects

6. Dialects in the united kingdom's:
Eliza doolittle’s speech illustrates that english, like other languages, has a wide variety of dialects that uses different pronunciation, spelling. And meaning for particular words
English originated with three invading group from northern, Europe who settled in different parts of britain
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The language each spoke was old english
In a language with multiple dialects, one is considered the “standard language”
In the england's case the standard language is received pronunciation (RP)

8. British And American English Dialects
ENglish language was brought to NOrth America by some colonist from England who settled near the Atlantic Coast on the 17th century
The colonist spoke the language that they used in england sometimes
Immigrants from other countries found out that english already existed there
The early colonist were responsible for the language patterns that existed today in the western hemisphere

9. British And American English Dialects continued
The english language in the united states is different from the english language in england because of isolation
The english in the united states and england evolved independently during the 18th and 19th century with very little influence of one another
Since telephones weren’t available until the 20th century very few people could talk with their families or visit them
The english of the u.s differs from england in 3 ways….vocabulary, spelling ,and pronunciation

10. British and american english dialects(pt.#2)
-Vocabulary
Vocabulary of U.s differs from the english of england because settlers in america found many new objects and experiences
New continents contained physical features like forests and mountains that had to be given new names
New animals were encountered moose, racoons ,and chipmunks which names came from north america
The indian americans enriched america’s english with names for objects like canoe, moccasin, and squash
Elevator is called lift in england and the flashlight is known as a torch in england

11. Pronunciation:
In north America colonists began to pronounce words differently from the British.
British eliminated the r sound from pronunciation except before vowels.
Pronunciation has changed more in England than in the United States.
The Pronunciation in the United States is closer to the way they were pronounced in Britain in the seventeenth century

12. Spelling
Noah Webster (Creator of the 1st comprehensive American dictionary & grammar books) wasn’t a documenter of usage but he had an agenda.
Webster determined to develop American dialect of english.

13. Distinguishing between languages and dialects
Romance branch dialects
Romance languages did not suddenly appear in former Roman Empire.
Other languages evolved over time.
Numeros dialects are still spoken today.

14. Spanish Spain contained many dialects during the Middle Ages.
One dialcet that grew during the ninth century was Castilian, located in northern central Spain.
Independent kingdoms united for many years forming one country as dialect spread southward.
The kingdom of Castile and Leon merged into the kingdom of Aragon in the fifth-teen century causing Spain to grow its boundaries.

15. Spanish continued
The official language for Spain was Castalin but know its Spanish.
Some languages that survived in rural areas were Aragón,León,Navarra,Asturias and Santander.

16. Portuguese & SPANISH
Portuguese is spoken in Brazil and Portugal whereas spanish is an official language of 18 latin american states and countries.
90% of of speakers of these two languages are outside of Europe mainly in Central and South America.
These two romance language diffused to America by Spanish & Portuguese explorers.
The division of Central and South America was a result of Pope Alexander VI, he gave the western part to Spain and the eastern part to Portugal.

17. Places where portuguese and spanish is spoken
Portuguese is spoken in brazil and portugal
Spanish is spoken in 18 latin american states and countries.

18. PORTUGUESE
Brazil,Portugal and several Portuguese speaking countries in Africa agreed in 1944 to standardize the way there common language is written.
Portugal is upset as the new standard language resembles the Brazilian version.
This causes some of the accent marks to be eliminated and some new words to be added to the language such as flowers and other natural features.
Some places where portuguese is spoken in Africa are Angola,Cape Verde,Sao Tome ect.

19. Language of italy: 2 million people speak, Emiliano-Romagnolo
2 million people speak, Liguria
9 million people speak, Lombard
7 million people speak, Napoletano-Calabrese

20. Language of italy continued
5 million people speak, Sicilian
3 million people speak, Piemontese
2 million people speak, Venetian

21. Catalan-Valencian-Balear:
Catalan use to be a dialect of spanish, but linguists now agree that it’s a separate romance language.
Catalan has been developed as a separate language after the collapse of the Roman empire.
Some linguists agree that Balear is a dialect of Catalan that’s spoken in the Balearic Islands.
Most of the linguists consider valencian a dialect of Catalan.
Linguistic:relating to
language

22. Galician
Galician is spoken in northwestern Spain and northeastern Portugal, the dialect of portuguese
The Academy of galician language considered it a separate language, because it would be relegated to a minor and obscure status
Whereas as a dialect of portuguese it can help to influence one of the world’s most widely used languages

23. Moldovan Moldovan is the official language of moldova
It's Classified as a dialect of romanian
Written like russian in cyrillic letters

24. Creole languages
creole/ creole languages is a language that results from the mixing of the colonizers language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated
Romance is spoken in former colonies can be classified as separate language
Differ substantially from the original introduced by european colonizers
Creole Forms when the colonized group adopts the language of the dominant group but makes some changes

25. Dok questions How is dialect related to this key issue?
Who is noah webster?
Can you explain how the change of dialect affect the old english language?

26. Dok answers
Dialect is the main topic of our issue, The way the words are pronounced, spelled, and the vocabulary.
The first to create a dictionary and the gammar book.
Dialect has three major key's, if that changes then the whole language does.