1. The Basics of Chemistry Text pages 20 – 24.
To play the movies and simulations included, view the presentation in Slide Show Mode.

2. Elements, Molecules, and Compounds
The atom is the smallest unit of matter.
Atoms contain protons, neutrons and electrons
ELEMENT – pure substance containing 1 type of atom
example: Hydrogen H
MOLECULE – combination of 2 or more atoms
example: Oxygen O2
COMPOUND – Molecules that contain different atoms
Water H2O
Carbon dioxide CO2

3. The Periodic Table
You can tell two important things from the column number of an element.
Column 1  1 outer electron, forms a 1+ charge
Column 2  2 outer electrons, forms a 2+ charge
Column 3  3 outer electron, forms a 3+ charge
Column 4  4 outer electrons, no charge, covalent bonding
Column 5  5 outer electron, forms a 3- charge
Column 6  6 outer electrons, forms a 2- charge
Column 7  7 outer electron, forms a 1- charge
Column 8  8 outer electrons, neutral, no charge
The middle
section of transition metals fits here. It is NOT important for our biology lesson.

4. Remember Bohr Diagrams?
Hydrogen – H
Atomic Number = 1, 1 proton,
1 electron
1 electron shell
Helium Atom He
Atomic Number = 2, 2 protons,
2 electrons 

5. 8 Bohr Diagrams How many electrons can fit in the first shell? 2
The second shell? 8
The third?

6. C What is the symbol for carbon? Let’s Try A Few
Try and draw the Bohr diagram for carbon in your binder. C

7. Bohr Diagrams - Carbon
Let’s try a few more examples …

8. Chemical Bonding How are atoms held together? Chemical Bonds
There are two types of chemical bonds:
Ionic Bonding
- one atom donates an electron to another atom
positive ion (lost electrons)
negative ion (gained electrons)
Covalent Bonding
- involves sharing electrons between atoms

9. What is an Ion? Table Salt End result NaCl
Ion is an atom that becomes electrically charged by gaining or losing an electron…
Example:
Table Salt
End result
NaCl
Sodium
ATOM
Chlorine ATOM
Sodium
ION
Chlorine ION

10. The Chemistry of Life The atom is the basic unit of matter.
The nucleus of an atom has protons, neutrons, and outer electrons.
Six types of atoms make up about 99% of all living organisms:
 Atoms bond together to form molecules. Bonds are formed by either the sharing or the transfer of electrons.
carbon
hydrogen
nitrogen
oxygen
phosphorus
sulphur