1. The French Revolution & Napoleon 1789 - 1815
Liberty, Equality, Fraternity
The French Revolution & Napoleon

2. Revolution What is a revolution?
Why would you participate in or start a revolution?
What does “injustice” mean?

3. Chapter 6, Section 1
Key Terms and People: Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, Old Order, King Louis XVI, Marie-Antoinette, Versailles, First Estate, Second Estate, Third Estate, bourgeoisie, sans culottes
Guiding Questions: What caused the French Revolution? What happened during the first events of the Revolution? How did the French create a new nation?
Main Idea: Problems in French society led to a revolution, the formation of a new government, and the end of the.

4. Part 1: The French Revolution Begins

5. Old Order
Before the revolution the monarch, nobility, and clergy had unlimited wealth and power while most of the country suffers.

6. Louis XVI
Socially awkward but had a good heart. He often appeared unfeeling and gruff.
He was insecure and seems to have disliked being King of France.
When one of his ministers resigned, he was heard to remark, "Why can't I resign too?"

7. Marie Antoinette -Early on she was flighty and irresponsible.
-She spent huge amounts on clothes, accessories, and parties.
-Being Austrian, she was seen as an outsider, and was unpopular.

8. The French Royalty
The royal family lived in luxury at the Palace of Versailles.

9. Background to the Revolution
More violent & radical than the American Revolution
Major Cause: conditions of French society (inequality)
Population divided by Estates, orders of society.

10. Estates
First Estate
Second Estate
Third Estate

11. The Three Estates First estate=Clergy
130,000 people, owned 10% of the land, exempt from taxes
Taille (TAH yuh) or tax.

12. The Three Estates
Second estate Nobility-350,000 people, owned 25 to 30% of the land.
Held positions in gov’t, military, law courts & church offices
Like the clergy, they were exempt from paying tailles or taxes.
Sought to keep their control over positions

13. The Three Estates Third estate=commoners
98% of the population, owned 35 to 40% of the land
½ had little or no land on which to survive (Why is land ownership important?)
3rd estate is a wide and varied group of people.

15. The Three Estates
Bourgeoisie=middle class 8% of population, owned 20 to 25 of the land.
Included merchants, bankers, industrialists, professional people, lawyers, holders of public offices, doctors and writers.

16. Other Causes of the Revolution
Social conditions
Near bankruptcy
Food shortages-rising prices of food and unemployment
Costly wars & court luxuries

17. Note Check
What caused the French Revolution?

18. From Estates-General to National Assembly: May 5, 1789
Louis XVI met with Estates-General (the French Parliament) to raise new taxes.
Representatives from the 3 estates
3rd Estate wanted to abolish the tax exemptions.
One vote per estate so the 3rd estate always gets out voted 2 to 1.

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20. From Estates-General to National Assembly: June 20, 1789
3rd estate demanded that each deputy have one vote.
Louis says no and locks members of the 3rd estate out of the meeting.
Third Estate gathers on a tennis court nearby and proclaims itself a National Assembly since they represent most of the nation of France.
Why is this moment so significant?

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22. Declaration of the Rights of Man
A new constitution, the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen, gave right to liberty, property, security & resistance to oppression (Enlightenment ideas AGAIN!)
Freedom & equal rights for all men, an end to exemption from taxation.
Olympe de Gouges penned the Declaration of the Rights of Women and the Female Citizen

24. July 14, 1789
On July 14, 1789 a mob of Parisians stormed the Bastille, an armory and prison in Paris and dismantled it brick by brick.
Widespread revolution, called the Great Fear spread throughout France.

25. The storming of the Bastille

27. Note Check
What happened during the first events of the Revolution?

28. The Destruction of the Old Regime
The National Assembly privileges of the nobles & clergy.
Church land seized, sold.
Officials are now to be voted in, and paid by state.
Catholicism=bad

29. The King Concedes Louis refused legitimacy of the National Assembly’s.
Thousands of Parisian women marched to Versailles, and stormed the palace grounds.
The mob forced Louis and his family to return to Paris.

31. A New Constitution & New Fears
While Louis is captive a new constitution is written in 1791, set up a limited monarchy & Legislative Assembly which would make the laws.
Louis XVI attempted to flee France in June 1791.
He was captured and brought back to Paris.
The instability of France leads to warfare with other countries. Why?

32. Rise of the Paris Commune
Paris Commune (radical group) were upset changes were not happening fast enough.
They organized a mob on the royal palace, took the king captive, a forced another change of government called the National Convention led by members of the Paris Commune.
Members called themselves the sans-culottes, ordinary patriots without fine cloths.

33. The End of Constitutional Monarchy
The sans culottes looked for simple solutions, mostly resorting to violence.
The angry mob attacked Tuileries Palace and confronted the king without bloodshed on June 20, 1792.
On August 10, 1792, the mob attacked the Tuileries again.
The royal family attempted to flee, was caught and arrested.
The king's guards were killed and the King and his family are now in jail.
What is next?

34. Note Check
How did the French create a new nation?