1. Violence Against Women: Surviving Trauma
WE’RE ALL IN SUMMIT
June 22, 2018
Tidewater Community College
Portsmouth, VA 23701
Bernadette J. Holmes, Ph.D.
Professor of Sociology and Criminal Justice
Norfolk State University

2. Master of Arts Fall 2017 copyright (c) Bernadette J. Holmes
Objectives
Explore the various forms of violence against women as a mechanism of social control
Analyze the interrelationship of gendered specific violence
Understand societal attitudes and misconceptions of gendered violence
Examine the contextualization of fear
Discuss Strategies of support for victims and survivors
Master of Arts Fall 2017 copyright (c) Bernadette J. Holmes

3. Introduction
Violence Against Women is a systematic pattern of abuse and victimization, rather than an isolated incident based on individual pathology. Gendered violence is pervasive, reflects misogynist views, patriarchal ideology and sexism.

4. What is Trauma ?
“Trauma” describes interpersonal experiences or situations when a person’s physical integrity is compromised, the ability to integrate his/her emotional experience is hindered or one’s internal resources and/or ability to cope are overwhelmed. An individual’s experience of trauma can impact all aspects of life: physical, psychological, behavioral, social, emotional, spiritual and neurological.

5. The Study of Violence and Victimization
Understanding Societal Attitudes
Family as a “private sphere”
Doctrine of Domestic Curtain
Limited Analysis
Focus on Physical Violence
Degree of Injury
Master of Arts Fall 2017 copyright (c) Bernadette J. Holmes

6. Interrelationship of Violence
Continuum of Violence
All forms of violence are interrelated and reinforce one another. All types of violence against women are linked to issues of power and control.
Master of Arts Fall 2017 copyright (c) Bernadette J. Holmes

7. Interrelationship of Violence (cont.)
Pornography
Prostitution
Battering
Rape
Sexual Assault
Incest
Domestic Violence
Sexual Harassment
Master of Arts Fall 2017 copyright (c) Bernadette J. Holmes

8. Interrelationship of Violence
Violence as Social Control
Social control limits and restricts behavior and shapes the norms and values of society. It is reinforced through socialization and supported by all of the social institutions in society
Social control is both formal and informal
Master of Arts Fall 2017 copyright (c) Bernadette J. Holmes

9. Interrelationship of Violence
Sexual Terrorism
Is a system by which males frighten, control and dominate women. (Carole Sheffield, 1994) Components of sexual terrorism includes:
1. Ideology
2. Propaganda
Master of Arts Fall 2017 copyright (c) Bernadette J. Holmes

10. Interrelationship of Violence
3. Indiscriminateness, unpredictability, arbitrariness, destructiveness and amorality
4. Voluntary compliance
~ Blame the Victim and Excuse the offender as normal and/or sick~
Master of Arts Fall 2017 copyright (c) Bernadette J. Holmes

11. Contextualization of Fear
Fear is quantitatively and qualitatively different for women than for men
Women attempt to avoid sexual intrusion in varying degrees
Restrict behavior Economics
Life Style Relationships
Physical appearances
Master of Arts Fall 2017 copyright (c) Bernadette J. Holmes

12. Master of Arts Fall 2017 copyright (c) Bernadette J. Holmes
HEALING
Resilience
The process of, capacity for, or outcome of successful adaptation despite challenging and threating circumstances
Master of Arts Fall 2017 copyright (c) Bernadette J. Holmes

13. Journey Towards Healing
Trauma Care
Intersectionality (Race, Class, Gender)
Self-care
Knowledge
Empowerment
Social Support
Family
Community
Spirituality
Vulnerability & Humanity
Voice Centered Discourse

14. Master of Arts Fall 2017 copyright (c) Bernadette J. Holmes
Journey Towards Healing
Master of Arts Fall 2017 copyright (c) Bernadette J. Holmes

15. Contact Information/Resources
Bernadette J. Holmes, Ph.D.
Professor
Norfolk State University
Graduate Program in Criminal Justice
Department of Sociology
Virginia Beach Higher Education Center
1881 University Drive
Virginia Beach, Virginia 23453
(757)
Master of Arts Fall 2017 copyright (c) Bernadette J. Holmes

16. Master of Arts Fall 2017 copyright (c) Bernadette J. Holmes
Q&A ? Thank You
Master of Arts Fall 2017 copyright (c) Bernadette J. Holmes

17. Bernadette J. Holmes, Ph.D.
Master of Arts Fall 2017 copyright (c) Bernadette J. Holmes