1. BELLWORK: September 24th
“Effects of the Second World War in Europe”
WWII was more economically devastating than WWI….WHY???
Summarize the Allied plan for European recovery.
How was the cultural heritage of Europe damaged by WWII?
List three political effects of WWII (could include population, governments, international relations, geographical changes, colonies, etc.)
THINKER: How were politics different post-WWI vs. post- WWII?

2. Effects of WWII in Europe

3. Effects in post-WWII Germany
Germany was totally defeated, and the Nazi regime brought down. Its leaders were tried for crimes against humanity at Nuremberg.
German cities were in ruins from a massive bombing campaign.
Germany was divided into 4 zones of occupation by the victorious powers

4. Effects in post-WWII England
England was devastated by the war, having experienced extensive bombing during the blitz by the Germans.
The economy depended on recovery & aid from the United States.
England rapidly phased out most of its remaining colonies in the years immediately following the war.

5. Effects in post-WWII France
Recover from the impact of Nazi occupation
Like England, France would dismantle its colonial empire in the years following the war. This was a particularly traumatic and drawn out process for the French, in Algeria and in Vietnam where they fought prolonged and bitter wars in an attempt to maintain their colonial control.
England and France no longer held a status of power comparable to the United States or the Soviet Union.

6. Effects in post-WWII USSR
The Western USSR was destroyed from land warfare
But, in the process of defeating the Germans, the Russians had built a large and powerful army, which occupied most of Eastern Europe at the end of the war.
WWII was seen as a triumph of communism over fascism
The great resources and population of USSR assured that the Soviet Union would be, along with the United States, one of two super- powers.

7. Effects in post-WWII U.S.
The United States economy was greatly stimulated by the war, even more so than in World War I.
By avoiding the physical destruction of war, the U.S. economy dominated the world economy.
After 4 years of military buildup, the U.S. had also become the leading military power.
US could no longer be isolationist since all of Western Europe depended on strength of democracy.
The position of the United States as world leader was now more obvious than ever.

8. discussion “Effects of the Second World War in Europe” – pages 190-195
WWII was more economically devastating than WWI….WHY???
Summarize the Allied plan for European recovery.
How was the cultural heritage of Europe damaged by WWII?
List three political effects of WWII (could include population, governments, international relations, geographical changes, colonies, etc.)
How were politics different post-WWI vs. post-WWII?

9. Economic Cost
#1) WWII was much more economically devastating than WWI……. WHY???
Fighting all over Europe
Aerial bombing left millions dead, destroyed transportation, communication, industry and farmland
Victors emerged from the conflict almost as devastated as the losers (Britain & USSR)

10. Economic Cost Country Cost ($ in 2010) United States $288 billion
Great Britain
$117 billion
France
$111 billion
USSR
$93 billion
Germany
$212 billion
Japan
$41 billion
Manila, Philippines

11. #2) Plan for recovery???

13. #3) Cultural centers of Europe: 1945
Dresden & Cologne (Germany)
London
Warsaw

14. Before (left) and after (right) the Luftwaffe Bombing of Frampol, Poland. It was a practice run for future missions & almost totally destroyed the city. 90% of the town's infrastructure was destroyed; only two streets remained untouched.

15. Allied Bombing
After the introduction of the P51B Mustang in 1944, the bombing campaign intensified and they were able to take on Luftwaffe fighters. By June 1944, the Germans were not able to recover and the Allies had total air superiority.

16. A B-24 bombing raid over oil refineries in Romania

17. German Cities Destroyed by bombing
Hagen
67 / 100
Hamburg*
75 / 100
Hanover
60 / 100
Kassel
69 / 100
Kiel
50 / 100
Leipzig*
20 / 100
Magdeburg
41 / 100
Mainz
80 / 100
Mannheim
64 / 100
Munich*
42 / 100
Nuremberg
51 / 100
Stettin
53 / 100
Berlin*
33 / 100
Bochum
83 / 100
Bremen
60 / 100
Chemnitz
41 / 100
Cologne*
61 / 100
Dessau
Dortmund*
54 / 100
Dresden*
59 / 100
Duisburg
48 / 100
Düsseldorf*
64 / 100
Essen*
50 / 100
Frankfurt*
52 / 100
* Indicates cities with a population over 500,000

18. Bombing Casualties 60,595 British civilians 160,000 airmen (Europe)
More than 500,000 Soviet civilians
67,078 French civilians
305,000–600,000 civilians in Germany
50,000 Italians killed by Allied bombing

19. Political Consequences
#4) List three political effects of WWII (could include governments, geographical changes, colonies, etc.)
Massive migration, forced relocation, refugees, etc.
All the countries the Red Army liberated – Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Romania – became one-party regimes under Stalin’s control
The end of WWII (atomic bomb, Yalta, reparations) increased US-USSR hostilities = Cold War
Growing hostility between the Western Allies and USSR, led to a permanent division of Germany in 1949
European countries could not maintain control of oversea empires

20. By the end of wwii, 20 million people were displaced

24. #5) How were politics different post-WWI vs. post-WWII?

25. Homework: due wednesday
Second World War in the Pacific: Allies vs. Japan
Read the “combatants” and “strategy” sections: pages
Complete the front of the green worksheet