1. Accidents and Safety in Construction
UNIT – 8
LECTURER IN CIVIL ENGG. GP MEHAM
MD SHAD

2. CONSTRUCTION SAFETY
Construction is the most dangerous land based work sector. The problem is not that the hazards and risks are unknown, it is that they are very difficult to control in a constantly changing work environment. So, in every year, many people fall victim to injury, harm and even death through accidents on construction sites.

3. CONSTRUCTION SAFETY
The most common cause of fatalities to workers in the construction sector over the past nine years were
falls from
heights (49.6%)
roofs (17.6%)
ladders (12.0%)
scaffolds (11.2%)
openings or stairways (4.8%) and others (4.0%)

4. IMPORTANCE Life & property Proper management of construction works
Safe the total construction cost
Reduce workers compensation claims
Improved employee morale & satisfaction
Increased productivity
Reduced insurance cost

5. Safety Condition in Bangladesh
The construction industry is considered as one of the most hazardous industrial sectors wherein the construction workers are more prone to accidents.
In developed countries such as United Kingdom and United States of America, there is strict legal enforcement of safety in the construction industry and also in the implementation of safety management systems which are designed to minimize or
eliminate
accidents
at work
places.
in construction industry is very poor in
However, occupational safety
developing countries such as Bangladesh.

6. Safety Condition in Bangladesh
In bangladesh maximum working site is risky and full of danger. The workers are not conscious about their own safety.they are even ignorant about the danger.the construction management have to conscious about the construction safety of the workers.We think ,the preventive technique can minimize those hazards and save many life.

7. Construction Accidents in Bangladesh
According to Bangladesh Occupational Safety, Health and Environment Foundation (OSHE)
107 workers are died and 195 workers are seriously injured.

8. SAFETY MEASURES
Safety measures in different types of civil engineering construction are followed:
Safety measures in –
Building construction
Bridge construction
Road construction

9. BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
Preventive measures:
Employers should:
Have Site Safety Plans addressing potential hazards which could lead to injury or death.
Ensure that roof openings are not left unprotected, unguarded, or uncovered.
Equip all workers on the roof with fall protection. A retractable lanyard would allow the helper to do his job and still have fall protection.
Require that all hazards on the site be communicated on an ongoing basis to all workers in the area

10. BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION The system designs should be flexible.
The platform is supported on cables fastened in equal intervals
Platform installation, redeployment and removal proceed quickly with minimal traffic disruption.
Side tarps should be create a full enclosure

11. ROAD CONSTRUCTION Using sign, signals & road markings
Maintaining traffic speed
Railing should be provided in hilly roads
Removed disturbed vehicles
Construction materials should have better quality
Over loading vehicles should not be permitted on the road
Super elevation ,gradient & curvature should be maintained

12. Root Causes for Construction Accidents
Inadequate construction planning & scheduling
Lack of proper training
Deficient enforcement of training
Unsafe equipment
Unsafe methods or sequencing
Unsafe site conditions
Not using safety equipment that was provided

13. Root Causes for Construction Accidents
Poor communication
Lack of ineffective supervision
Absence of safety rules and safe work procedure
Lack of enforcement of safety rules and safe work procedure.
Defective machinery on site
Falling structure or loads, defective scaffolding, forklifts etc.

14. Construction accidents
Scaffolding accidents
Welding accidents
Trench accidents
Toxic gas attack

15. Construction accidents
Construction Site Falls
Crane Accidents
Run-Over by Operating Equipment
Electrical Accidents
Fires and Explosions
Unsafe/ Dangerous Equipment Accidents
Logging Accidents

16. Construction accidents
Elevator Accidents
Structure Failure
Building Collapse
Supervisor Negligence
Fork Lift Accidents
Dumpster Accidents
Compressor Accidents
Exploding Compressor
Gas Explosions

17. Scaffolding Accidents
Workers may die or be injured if scaffold equipment and fall protection systems or misused are defective.

18. Hazard associated with Scaffolding
People falling from the working platforms
People below the working platform being struck by material falling or being thrown from it.
The scaffold or part of it collapsing and throwing people from the working platform
The collapse scaffold causing damage the adjacent property.

19. Scaffolding Accidents
Causes
Negligence on the part of the improper construction or maintenance.
Low capacity of the side brackets
Loose bonding of scaffolding.
Weak scaffolding material.

20. Scaffolding Accidents
Prevention
Scaffold must be sound, rigid
Scaffold must be equipped with guardrails, mid rails and toe boards
Scaffold must not be erected, moved or altered
except under
the a
supervision of
competent person.

22. Use of scaffold components capable of supporting proper loads
The proposed regulations requirements for all scaffolds
provide
general
Use of a competent person to inspect scaffolds and equipment before use
Use of scaffold components capable of supporting proper loads
Proper shielding of ropes from corrosive processes or heat
Use of both guardrail systems and body belt or harness systems for work from suspension scaffolds

23. Welding Accidents
Welding can be a very dangerous job, and is often the cause of accidents on construction sites . The hazards of welding are many and can be very serious.
This is especially true when you think about the more than 500,000 workers that are injured annually from welding, cutting and braising. The risk of fatal injury is more than four deaths per thousand over a working lifetime.

25. Welding accidents Causes
The ultra violet rays emitted by the welding process can give a very bad burn to not only exposed skin, but also to the lens of the eye.
UV rays in welding can cause eye injury what is called “arc eye” .
Excessive heat can burn skins.
Excessive noise
Fire and excessive heat
Electrical shock
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation

26. Welding accidents Prevention
Using a welder’s mask properly can eliminate this types of accidents.
Wear appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as aprons, gloves, leggings, and footwear.
A trained fire watch must be posted to look for fires during and after the welding job.
Combustible and flammable materials must be cleared from the welding area.

27. Welding accidents safety26

28. Trench accidents Causes
Every accident that occurs on a construction site can be horrific, but trench accidents seem to be the worst of all.
Causes
A machine working too near the edge of the support wall.
A recent hard rain it could shift the gravel and end up collapsing.
Improper shoring that can cause a cave in.

29. Trench accidents

30. Trench a.ccidents Solutions Never enter an unprotected trench.
Always use a protective system for trenches feet deep or greater.
Employ a registered professional engineer to design a protective system for trenches 20 feet deep or greater.
Keep spoils at least two feet back from the edge of a trench

31. Trench accidents Solutions
Keep heavy machines far from edge of supporting wall.
If there is a heavy rain, one should protect the edge with some sort of sheet.
Construction
site should be the engineer daily
examined by
before starting of day’s work.

32. Trench a.ccidents

33. Trench Accident
Wrong
Right

34. Face Shields Full face protection
Protects face from dusts and splashes or sprays of hazardous liquids
Does not protect from impact hazards
Wear safety glasses or goggles underneath

35. Toxic gas attack Causes Presence of carbon monoxide in tanks.
Leakage of methane from cylinder.
Presence of excessive carbon di oxide in air in a underground basement.

36. Toxic gas attack Prevention
By using the gas mask the inhalation can be prevent.
By lighting a candle in the place the presence of these gases can be traced.
A free circulation of air should be done before working at the place.

37. Construction Injuries
Every year, many people fall
even
on are
victim to injury, harm and
death through accidents
construction sites. These sites
rife with danger, but most sites follow strict health and safety rules to ensure that these dangers are not a threat to the workers on the site.

38. Construction Injuries
Construction injuries vary greatly based on the type of work being performed and the circumstances surrounding the environment and the individual that is affected. Although many construction injuries are minor, serious consequences must not be overlooked. Traumatic injuries and even death may result from the negligence of coworkers or the failure to follow established safety procedures.

39. Types of Construction Injuries
Head Injury
Severed Nerve
Coma
Cumulative Trauma Disorder
Spinal Cord Injuries
Paralysis
Death Severe Gashes
Burn Injuries

40. Types of Construction Injuries
Loss of Limb
Infected Wounds
Dislocations
Broken/Fractured Bones
Blinding Injuries
Hearing Loss

41. Head Injury Construction workers are required to
take the well-known safety precaution of wearing a hard hat to prevent head injury. Unfortunately, hard hats are not barriers to all forms of head injuries that can happen at a construction site.
Traumatic brain injury, closed head injury, concussion, and coma may result from a variety of hazardous situations at a work site. These conditions can lead to long-term complications and death.

42. Severed Nerve
Nerve damage can occur as a result of injury or swelling. In extreme cases, nerves may be completely severed. When this occurs, a variety of medical conditions may result that may be irreparable.
A severed nerve may cause paralysis of the affected limb or a loss of sensation. When the nerve affected is crucial to one's everyday life, a severed nerve injury can pose insurmountable challenges. Construction workers rely on their physical capabilities to perform day-to-day work. When they are limited, their entire livelihood is likely to suffer.

43. Coma
A coma is a deep state of unconsciousness. A patient suffering from a coma is alive but unable to move or respond to the environment around him or her.
When a coma results from a head trauma, the condition may be followed by a persistent vegetative state or death. For patients who emerge from a coma, even a partial recovery may be a gradual process.

44. Spinal Cord Injuries
The spinal cord is a vital part of the human body. It carries sensory signals and motor control to most of the skeletal muscles in the body, and nearly every voluntary muscle in the body below the head relies on the spinal cord for control.
The severity of
spinal
cord
injuries
is often
dependent upon the level of segments affected. Paraplegia is the paralysis of the lower extremities and is most likely to occur at a lower level of injury than quadriplegia, which affects both the arms and the legs.

45. Burn Injuries
Unfortunately, burn injuries are a very real risk at construction sites. With copious amounts of heated water, steam, chemicals, and electricity found at work sites, a variety of burn injuries may occur that can have severe long-term consequences.
Burn injuries are both slow to heal and extremely painful, with the pain lasting throughout the healing process and for years to follow. Burn survivors often require extensive care that is not cheap, and families of burn victims often must do battle with a sudden unexpected injury that has forever changed their lives.

46. Broken/Fractured Bones
A bone fracture takes place when a bone becomes splintered, cracked, or bisected as a result of physical trauma.
There are many ways a construction worker may suffer broken or fractured bones on the work site.

47. Blinding Injuries
It can be argued that humans rely on the sense of sight more than any other method of perception. It is a tragedy when one loses their ability to see clearly as a result of a construction accident.
Eye injuries are the leading cause of vision loss in one eye throughout the world. Eye injuries can cause blindness, the loss of an eye, and other eye disorders that significantly impair one's ability to see. Such injuries
can often
be prevented through that are initiated and
effective enforced
safety
measures
at the
managerial or supervisory level.

48. Hearing Loss
Hearing loss is defined as a decrease in one's ability to hear and perceive auditory information. Although some forms of hearing loss can be reversed with medical treatment, many others lead to a permanent disability such as deafness.
Hearing loss can be caused by physical trauma such as damage to the ear or brain centers that process aural information. Alternatively, hearing loss can progressively occur from exposure to very loud noise over time. This is of particular concern to construction workers who often perform their duties at extremely loud and busy work sites

49. Workplace safety Management leadership and commitment
Employee engagement
Accountability
Safety programs, policies, and plans
Safety processes, procedures, and practices
Safety education and training
Hazad identification