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Georgia State Standard
Chapter 13 Genetics and Biotechnology 13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology Georgia State Standard SB2f – Examine the use of DNA technology in forensics, medicine, & agriculture.
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Precursors: Selective Breeding
Chapter 13 Genetics and Biotechnology 13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology Precursors: Selective Breeding The process by which ____________ traits of certain plants and animals are selected and passed on to their future generations is called ____________ ____________. Saint Bernard Rescue dog Husky Sled dog German shepherd Service dog
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____________ breeds are ____________ by inbreeding.
Chapter 13 Genetics and Biotechnology 13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology Precursors: Inbreeding The process in which two ____________ ____________organisms are bred to have the desired traits and to eliminate the undesired ones in future generations ____________ breeds are ____________ by inbreeding. A disadvantage of inbreeding is that ____________ recessive traits also can be passed on to future generations. Ex: Dog breeds are kept pure by inbreeding
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Chapter 13 Genetics and Biotechnology 13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology Precursors: Test Cross A ____________ ____________involves breeding an organism that has the ____________ genotype with one that is homozygous recessive for the desired trait.
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Chapter 13 Genetics and Biotechnology 13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology Genetic Engineering Technology that involves ____________ the ____________ of one organism in order to ____________ the DNA of ____________ organism, called exogenous DNA.
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Genetically engineered organisms are used
Chapter 13 Genetics and Biotechnology 13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology Genetically engineered organisms are used to study the expression of a particular gene. to investigate cellular processes. to study the development of a certain ____________. Genetically engineered bollworm to select traits that might be ____________ to humans.
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Chapter 13 Genetics and Biotechnology 13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology DNA Tools An organism’s ____________ is the total DNA in the nucleus of each cell. DNA tools can be used to manipulate DNA and to isolate genes from the rest of the genome.
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DNA Tools: ____________ ____________
Chapter 13 Genetics and Biotechnology 13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology DNA Tools: ____________ ____________ recognize and bind to specific DNA sequences and ____________ the DNA within the sequence. Scientists use restriction enzymes as powerful tools for ____________ specific genes or regions of the genome.
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The smaller fragments move farther faster than the larger ones.
Chapter 13 Genetics and Biotechnology 13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology DNA Tools: Gel Electrophoresis An electric current is used to separate DNA fragments according to the size of the fragments in a process called ____________ ____________. When an electric current is applied, the DNA fragments move toward the positive end of the gel. The smaller fragments move farther faster than the larger ones.
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Gel Electrophoresis Cont’d
Chapter 13 Genetics and Biotechnology 13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology Gel electrophoresis Gel Electrophoresis Cont’d The unique pattern created based on the size of the DNA fragment can be compared to known DNA fragments for ____________ of people. This is called ____________ ____________.
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DNA Fingerprinting Example
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DNA Tools: Recombinant DNA
Chapter 13 Genetics and Biotechnology 13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology DNA Tools: Recombinant DNA A newly generated DNA molecule with DNA from different sources is called ____________ ____________.
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Recombinant DNA Cont’d
Chapter 13 Genetics and Biotechnology 13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology Recombinant DNA Cont’d Recombinant DNA is used in ____________ to mass produce human ____________ for diabetics and to clean up ____________ ____________. Recombinant DNA is used in ____________ to mass produce a human ____________ to treat ____________ ____________.
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DNA Tools: Used to __________ a DNA sample for any scientific investigation including __________ analysis and __________ testing PCR takes approximately _____ hours. This automated process bypasses the need to use bacteria for amplifying DNA.
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DNA Tools: Cloning http://learn. genetics. utah
Cloning - Using the DNA of one organism to create and identical ____________ Steps: Isolate ____________ cells (from who you will be cloning) Remove ____________ from donor egg ____________ nucleus from donor cells into donor egg ____________ cell division ____________ embryo into surrogate mother ____________ organism will be born
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Chapter 13 Genetics and Biotechnology 13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology Transgenic Organisms Organisms that have been genetically engineered by ____________ one or more ____________ from another organism.
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Chapter 13 Genetics and Biotechnology 13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology Transgenic Animals Scientists produce most transgenic animals in laboratories for biological ____________, often to study the function of different traits. Commonly used animals - Mice, fruit flies, and the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans
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Chapter 13 Genetics and Biotechnology 13.1& 13.2 DNA Technology Transgenic Plants Biologists use DNA technology to produce plants with many desirable traits. Genetically engineered cotton resists ____________ infestation of the bolls. Sweet-potato plants are resistant to a ____________ that could kill most of the African harvest. Rice plants with increased iron and vitamins could ____________ malnutrition.
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