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Chapter 16
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Section 1
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How did women change during the 1920’s?
Focus Question How did women change during the 1920’s?
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Changes in Society Post WWI
After WWI new technology came into existence Cars, telephones, movies, appliances Europe's economy suffered post WWI Britain and France was out of money Suffered a recession U.S. economy was booming People were making more money than ever before Factories and farmers were producing more goods than ever before
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Roaring 20’s The younger generation became rebellious
Younger men and women wanted to have fun and have freedoms Women especially became more rebellious Smoke, drank, wore pants, cut their hair, wore short skirts, wore makeup, and dated multiple men Time period became known as the Roaring 20’s Characterized by the flappers Women flapping their skirts
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Women Women were left without work when the men came home from war
Men needed their jobs back Women's rights improved post WWI 19th Amendment was passed in 1920 Gave women the right to vote Labor Saving devices came about for women Washers, vacuum, canned food, appliances Showed how much husbands loved their wives Gave women more time outside the home
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Prohibition Post WWI Many Americans supported prohibition
Thought men would stop beating and cheating on their wives Women were the main supporters 18th amendment was passed Prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcohol Organizer Crime began because of Prohibition Speakeasies Bootlegging Mob formed during this time Al Capone
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The Arts and Religion School Literature Science Art
1925 Scopes Monkey Trial Taught evolution in a Tennessee High School Went against the bible, breaking the law Literature Harlem Renaissance African American Cultural Awakening Science New Discoveries Radioactivity Penicillin Art New Architecture New Paintings Jazz Age
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Closing Questions What changes did Western Culture and society experience after World War I? How did flappers symbolize changes in western society during the 1920’s? What did Prohibition do to the U.S. as a nation, was prohibition a good or a bad thing as far as crime goes and why?
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What was the Roaring Twenties?
Focus Question What was the Roaring Twenties?
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Section 2
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Why was the 1920’s such a Cultural Awakening for the United States?
Focus Question Why was the 1920’s such a Cultural Awakening for the United States?
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Daily Questions What was prohibition, What amendment made it legal in the U.S? What amendment gave women the right to vote? What was the time period post WWI called in the United States? Why did organized crime come about?
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Politics Post WWI Post WWI there were three democratic nations
Britain and France Veterans returning from war were w/o a job Economic problems Lack of farmland Homes and buildings destroyed Party Struggles in Britain Labor party comes to power Working class in Britain Hurt the rich classes
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State of Panic Irish Independence Red Scare
Want their independence from England 1922 Ireland gains their independence Red Scare The U.S. was extremely fearful of communism Began accusing people of being communist Began “Palmer Raids” Suspected communist were deported from the country or arrested
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Post War Foreign Policy
France Could not afford to go through another war Wanted Germany to pay for what they did Britain disagrees with France Search for peace Kellogg Briand Pact Sponsored by the U.S. and France Sought world peace Reduced the size of everyone's navy Promised not to use war as a way to solve problems
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League of Nations Wanted world peace for ALL NATIONS
Is weakened by the U.S. not joining Russia and Germany join the league Problem is that the league of nations is weak Who enforces the laws? Who makes the laws? There is not a charter Weakness becomes apparent when Japan attacks Manchuria The world sees that they can do whatever they want with no one to stop them
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Post War Economics Britain France Deeply in debt
Outdated infrastructure Extremely high unemployment Wages were very low Strikes France Unstable politics Unemployment for the lower class was high The middle and upper classes were not affected
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Focus Question What is prohibition, and which amendment implemented the practice of prohibition?
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Post War Economics U.S. economy was booming
Leading economic power in the world Global economy depended on the U.S. economy U.S. lent money to Europe U.S. was making more money than ever before Factories were producing as many goods as possible Farmers were producing as many crops as possible
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The Great Depression Technology allowed for mass production post WWI
Lead to overproduction Workers lost their jobs Farmers lost their farms The Crash Black Tuesday 1929 The stock market crashed People panicked There was not any banking insurance People pulled all money out of the bank People lost everything
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Reaction to the Depression
People were starving to death Millions were left unemployed 25% of the population Couldn’t feed their families Millions were left homeless Lived in Hoovervilles Depression lasts from 1929-Start of WWII was the worst of the depression
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The Dustbowl The Great Dust Bowl added to the depression
Drought/Failure to incorporate dry faming The topsoil was gone There was no grass to keep the soil from eroding Lasted Impacted the Mid-West Hundreds of thousands of people had to leave and migrate westward Known as the Oakies Black Sunday (worst dust storm)
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FDR 1932 becomes president, takes office 1933 New Deal Programs
Government became directly involved in everyone's life Didn’t end the depression but helped tremendously Work programs to help the country and the people FDIC, Social Security, TVA, FHA WWII officially ends the depression Mass production of wartime goods Everyone has a job (male and female) Everyone saw Roosevelt as a hero
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Vocabulary Federal Reserve New Deal FDR General Strike
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Section 3
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What was significant about Black Tuesday?
Focus Question What was significant about Black Tuesday?
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Mussolini Rise to Power
Post WWI revolts began in Italy Italy Needed a strong leader Mussolini comes to power Creates the fascist party Wanted a strong national government Mussolini gains control His men storm the city of Rome in 1922 and seize the city King appoints him leader of Italian government
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Mussolini Rule Became known as Il Duce “The Leader”
Began a corrupt government system 1929 Pope Pius II aligned with Mussolini if he recognized the Vatican City He bring the economy under state control Controls agriculture, trade, and industry Individual and State Good of the state came before the good of the people You had to “believe, obey, and respect” the government
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Men, Women, and Children of Italy
Men were forced to fight in the army Women were kicked out of the workforce and expected to produce a family If you had more than 14 children you were an “honorable woman” Thousands of women die in childbirth and from pregnancy complications Children Were taught by soldiers Were taught to be ruthless Children were beaten Girls were taught to be mothers
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Nature of Fascism Mussolini built the first totalitarian state
1 party dictatorship controls everything Aligned himself with Stalin and Hitler Fascism Characteristics They were rooted in extreme nationalist The state must gain glory through constant conquest and war. The past was glorious, and that the State can be renewed “Survival of the fittest”
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Fascism Fascism Appeal Communism vs. Fascism
Promised a strong government Strengthen Italy as a whole Communism vs. Fascism Communist wanted international and national change Fascist wanted national changes Post WWI governments: Democracy, Fascist, Communism, & Dictatorships
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Section 4 Stalin and the USSR
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What is the main difference between Communism and Fascism?
Focus Question What is the main difference between Communism and Fascism?
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Stalin Comes to Power 1924 Lenin dies Stalin Takes over the USSR
Forms a Totalitarian Nation Wanted to improve the Soviet Union USSR becomes a command economy Government controls every aspect of the economy Agriculture Industry
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Agriculture New Economic Plan (NEP) Collective farms
All agriculture was turned over to the government Livestock, equipment, crops Peasants revolted killing the livestock and burning the crops Peasants grew enough for themselves not the country The government takes the food from the peasants Known as the terror famine 8 million people starve to death Thousands are children
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Stalin's Terror Tactics
Secret police, torture, violence, and starvation were all part of Stalin's terror tactics Phone calls were recorded, the police opened mail, and censorship was put into effect The Great Purge Stalin questioned millions of people about information He threatened their families Executed millions of people for lack of information and their beliefs The Results of the Purge Increased Stalin's power Wiped out a large part of his intellectual thinkers
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Stalin controls the population
Gulags were labor camps that Stalin sent prisoners to. The majority died because of exhaustion, starvation, or violence Communist Attempt to control thought Propaganda Censorship Arts Russification/Stalinism War on Religion Atheism became the official religion of the Soviet Union
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Soviet Society Under Stalin
New Elite takes power Kicked out the old thinkers Harsh rule Benefits All children attend school Women gained freedoms Economy improved for the government Drawbacks Millions died (20-50 million) Economy worsens for the people
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Section 5 Hitler Comes to Power
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Daily Questions How many people did Stalin Kill?
What was the official religion of the USSR and Why? What were the labor camps called?
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What were Stalin's Labor camps called?
Focus Question? What were Stalin's Labor camps called?
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Hitler and the Rise of Nazi Germany
Hitler was influenced by Mussolini and Stalin 1923 Hitler tries to take over Munich Germany Goes to jail Weimar Republic Signed in 1919 post WWI Democratic rule Problems Too many political parties
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Recovery of Germany U.S. wanted to help Germany Daws Plan
Democratic nation Daws Plan U.S> Germany> France and Britain> U.S. Great Depression kills Germany’s economy Loaf of bread cost 944,000 marks People were tired of the government and wanted a strong leader Allowing Hitler to come to power
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Nazi Rise to Power Hitler Hitler’s Manifesto
Hitler was born in Austria (1889) Developed anti Semitic feelings from an Early age During WWI Hitler fought for Germany Hitler’s Manifesto 1923 Hitler goes to Prison Released in 1924 Writes Mein Kampf Nazi Ideology Master Race were Aryans Jews were the enemy Anyone with a grandparent was considered a Jew He considered Jews to be a race Rooted In Anti Semitism Historically everyone persecutes the Jews Blamed the Jews for WWI
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Hitler Comes to Power 1924 after being released from jail Hitler rallies his supporters Grated Depression allows Hitler to come to power Appointed Chancellor in 1933 By 1934 the dictator of Germany Purged Germany of unfit Nazis Third Reich- Germanys Government under Hitler Creates the Gastapo Totalitarian state Nazi Youth Schools and textbooks taught Hitler and Nazism Women were to produce as many children as possible Hitler makes a new protestant Religion
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The Persecution of the Jews Increases
Nuremberg Laws (1935) Deprived Jews of Citizenship Segregation Prevented them from holding a job Kristallnacht Night of the broken glass A child murdered a German Nazi Begins the heavy persecution of the Jewish Population
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Focus Question What was the Gestapo?
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