1. Chapter 4
Section 3 – pg 138
Metals

2. Metals Elements that are good conductors of electric current and heat
Pg 138
Metals
Elements that are good conductors of electric current and heat
Tend to be shiny and bendable
Majority of elements in the periodic table are metals

3. Physical Properties Pg 138
The physical properties of metals include luster, malleability, ductility, and conductivity
Malleable: can be hammered or rolled
into flat sheets or other shapes
Ductile: can be pulled out, or
drawn, into a long wire

4. Pg 139
Thermal conductivity: the ability of an object to transfer heat
Electrical Conductivity: the ability of an object to transfer electric current
Magnetism: attracted to magnets and can be turned into magnets

5. Chemical Properties Pg 139
Reactivity: the ease and speed with which a substance reacts with other substances
Metals usually react by losing electrons to other atoms
Sodium reacts strongly with water and air
Iron reacts slowly with oxygen to form rust
Corrosion: the gradual wearing away of a metal due to a chemical reaction
Lithium reacting to water
Iron reacts with oxygen

6. Metals in the Periodic Table
Pg 140
Metals in the Periodic Table
The reactivity of metals tends to decrease as you move from left to right across the periodic table

7. Alkali Metals The metals in Group 1 (Lithium down to Francium)
Pg 140
Alkali Metals
The metals in Group 1 (Lithium down to Francium)
React with other elements by losing one electron
So highly reactive that they are rarely found uncombined in nature, normally found in a compound
Lithium Batteries
Sodium Chloride
Potassium Nitrate

8. Alkaline Earth Metals Group 2
Pg 141
Alkaline Earth Metals
Group 2
All are fairly hard, gray-white and a good conductor of electricity
Less reactive then elements in Group 1 but still highly reactive – rarely found uncombined
Calcium Carbonate

9. Transition Metals Pg 142 Groups 3 – 12
Includes most familiar metals (iron, silver, nickel, copper, gold)
Most are hard and shiny
All are good conductors of electrical currents
Many form colorful compounds
Less reactive than Group 1 and 2
Most are found as compounds
Pg 142

10. Metals in Mixed Groups Pg 142
Only some of the elements in Groups 13 – 15 are metals
These are never found uncombined in nature
Includes Tin, Lead and Aluminum
In Light Blue

11. Lanthanides Top row of the removed rows
Pg 142
Lanthanides
Top row of the removed rows
Sometimes mixed with more common metals to make alloys
Alloy: mixture of a metal with at least one other element (usually a metal)
Copper + Zinc = Brass
Tin + Aluminum + Copper = Bronze
Copper + Gold = Rose Gold
Iron + Carbon = Steel
Copper + Silver = Sterling Silver

12. Actinides Row below lanthanides
Pg 144
Actinides
Row below lanthanides
Only actinium, thorium, protactinium, and uranium occur naturally on earth
Others were created artificially in the lab (highly unstable)

13. Pg 144
Synthetic Elements
Elements with atomic numbers higher than 92 are sometimes called synthetic elements
Not found naturally on earth: are made
Scientists make synthetic elements by forcing nuclear particles to crash into one another
Particle Accelerators: move atomic nuclei faster and faster until they have reached very high speeds (used to smash nuclei together)

14. Chapter 4 Section 3 Homework - pg 145

15. 1A. Explain what the terms ductility and thermal conductivity mean.

16. 1B. Give an example of how the ductility of metal can be useful

17. 1C. What property of metals led to the use of plastic or wood handles on many metal cooking utensils? Explain.

18. 2A. What family of elements in the periodic table contains the most reactive metals?

19. 2B. What area of the periodic table is the best place to look for a metal that could be used to coat another metal to protect it from corrosion?

20. 2C. Period 4 of the periodic table contains the elements potassium, calcium, and copper. Which is the least reactive?

21. 3A. Describe the general process by which elements are synthesized

22. 3B. How is plutonium made?