1. Warm-up
Identify one alternative (renewable) energy source associated with each of the following:
the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, the biosphere, and the lithosphere.
Quiz tomorrow, chapter 25 and energy concept map

2. Earth Resources: Biosphere

3. What is the Biosphere?
Region of earth that encompasses all living organisms: plants, animals and bacteria
Includes lithosphere, troposphere, atmosphere and hydrosphere
Thickness of the skin on an apple

4. Biomes
Living communities with similar climate, vegetation, geographic location and other characteristics.

5. Abiotic Factors Abiotic Factors: Non-living parts of the environment
Climate: sunlight, temperature, wind, and precipitation
Topography: latitude, altitude, slope
Atmosphere: oxygen, air pollution
Soil: texture, pH, water, salinity

6. Biotic
Biotic: All of the living or once living parts of the environment
Plants
Animals
Fungi
Bacteria

8. Biome Classification
Biomes are classified using climate data (temperature and rainfall)
Climate determines what organisms live where

9. Freshwater Biomes
Ponds, lakes, streams, or rivers

10. Tundra - treeless land with frozen ground called permafrost
Tundra - treeless land with frozen ground called permafrost. Tundra Soil – very low in nutrients

11. Tundra

12. Boreal Forest (Taiga) Type of “Northern Coniferous Forest” biome
Long, cold winters
Short, cool summers
Drought tolerant, evergreen trees
Taiga Soil - very poor, low in nutrients

13. Taiga (Boreal Forest)

14. Temperate Deciduous Forest (NC’s biome)
Cool winters, warm summers, high year-round precipitation
Trees that drop leaves during winter
Soil - Fertile soil good for agriculture

15. Temperate Deciduous Forest

16. Tropical Rain Forest
warm temperatures, wet weather, many plants and animals
Nutrient poor soils
Leaf litter decomposes too rapidly to accumulate

17. Tropical Rain Forest

18. Grasslands Interior of continents Low yearly, mostly summer rain
Soils range from poor to fertile, too dry to support tree growth

19. Grasslands

20. Desert Dry region with little rainfall Cover ~30% land
Soil – rich in minerals but poor in organic materials

21. Desert

22. Ecology
Study of relationships between living organisms and their environment

23. Ecosystem
community of living organisms (biotic) interacting with each other and their non-living (abiotic) environment (soil, water, air, sunlight, etc)
The bullfrogs’ ecosystem is a pond.

24. Ecological Succession
Succession refers to the orderly, natural changes and species replacements that take place in the communities of an ecosystem over time
Basically…succession refers to changes to an ecosystem over time
Over time, succession returns to the natural state of the biome

25. Biodiversity variations of life forms within an ecosystem
varies greatly from high (rainforests) to low (polar)
mass extinctions are when large and sudden drops in biodiversity occur
Coral reefs contain great biodiversity

26. Diversity is Good! Two forms different species – wheat vs corn.
genetic variation within a species – short vs long grain

27. Diversity is Good! Irish potato blight of 1846
Farmers planted only two varieties of potato
Microorganism destroyed both varieties
1 million people starved, 2 million emigrated