1. Human Origins and Patterns of Change
Unit 1 -

2. I will be able to:
Describe key scientific findings about human origins
List human achievements during the Stone Age
Describe the emergence of modern humans

3. Archeologists at Work
Records cover only the last 5,000 years or so of human life on earth.
Archaeologists use special skills and tools to piece together things older than that

4. Artifacts vs Fossils
Artifacts: Tools, jewelry, or other objects modified by human hands.
Fossils:
Bones preserved in stone

5. The first hominids originated in Africa more than 3 million years ago
The first hominids originated in Africa more than 3 million years ago. “Lucy”
In 1974, Donald Johanson discovered the nearly-complete skeleton of "Lucy"
Lucy walked upright, had an opposable thumb and was dated back to 3.5 million years BCE

6. Homo Sapiens
Homo sapien (wise man) is the name given to modern humans.

7. Neanderthal Man The first modern humans, bigger and more powerful
Resourceful hunters
Had religious beliefs (ritual burials)
Vanished about 20,000 years ago
               

8. Cro-Magnons Emerge Competed with Neanderthals for land and food
Had more skill at speaking; could plan large scale hunts – reason for survival?
Developed art

9. Early Advances in Art and Technology
Nomads- people who move from place to place
Hunter-gathers- hunted animals and collected plant foods
Made spears
Digging sticks
Stone, bone, wood for tools

10. Beginnings of Agriculture
Neolithic revolution-the discovery of agriculture
Shift from food gathering to food production

11. Beginnings of Agriculture
Slash-and-burn farming- cut down trees and burn them to clear fields
Ashes fertilize the fields
Plant crops for one or two years
Move to different field
Trees and grass grow repeat

12. Domestication of Animals
Domestication- taming of animals
Jarmo- birthplace of agriculture
Zagros mountains “Iraq”
Wheat, barley, goats, pigs,
sheep, horses

14. WHAT CAUSED IT? Scientists have some theories to explain the
agricultural revolution:
Longer growing seasons
Drier land to cultivate
wild grasses
Rising temperatures
worldwide
More FOOD = POPULATION
POPULATION CREATES
PRESSURE FOR NEW
FOOD SOURCES.
FARMING OFFERS
AN ATTRACTIVE
ALTERNATIVE

15. Developments Around the World
MEXICO & CENTRAL AMERICA
Farmers cultivated corn, beans, & squash
CHINA
River civilizations
Develop a grain called
millet
AFRICA
Nile River Valley
wheat, barley and
other crops
PERU
Farmers in the Central Andes
were the first to grow tomatoes,
sweet potatoes, and white potatoes

16. THE EFFECTS OF THE AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION?
MAN learns to WORK TOGETHER
creates surplus of food
AGRICULTURAL
REVOLUTION
Develop LEADERS & RULES OF LAW to settle disputes
CITIES DEVELOP to trade the surplus of food
A DIVISION OF LABOR evolves; everyone cannot be a farmer
A WRITING SYSTEM is created to keep track of items bought & sold
As government services grow, the government must collect TAXES