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Chapter 10: The Nature of Work Groups and Teams
Understanding And Managing Organizational Behavior 4th Edition Chapter 10: The Nature of Work Groups and Teams JENNIFER GEORGE & GARETH JONES
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Chapter Objectives Describe the different types of work groups and the difference between a group and a team Appreciate the characteristics of work groups and their effects on the behavior of group members Describe how groups control their members through roles, rules, and norms
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Chapter Objectives Appreciate the need for conformity and deviance in groups and why and how group goals need to be aligned with organizational goals Understand the socialization process and how socialization tactics can result in an institutionalized or an individualized role orientation
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Opening Case: Hummer’s Winning Team
How can a team achieve fantastic results with very limited resources? Composition of H2 team Vast experience Low in risk avoidance High commitment levels
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When Is A Group A Group? Interactivity Mutual Goal
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Types of Work Groups Formal Work Groups Command groups Task forces
Teams Self-managed work teams
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Types of Work Groups Informal Work Groups Friendship groups
Interest groups
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Five-Stage Model of Group Development
Forming Storming Norming Performing Adjourning
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Work Group Characteristics
Group size Group composition Group status Group function Group efficacy Social facilitation
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How Large Should A Group Be?
Benefits of Small Groups Regular interaction Ease of sharing information Recognition of individual contributions to group Strong identification with group Higher group satisfaction Benefits of Large Groups More resources Division of labor
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Table 10.2 Group Composition
Benefits of Homogeneous groups Collegiality amongst group members Information sharing Low levels of conflict Few coordination problems Benefits of Heterogeneous groups Diversity of views represented High performance Variety of resources
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Group Function Communicates how work behaviors contribute to goal achievement Provides sense of meaning (task identity)
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Factors Contributing to Group Effectiveness
Group Efficacy Group composition Ability to work well together Coordination of efforts Resources Shared information Development of effective strategies
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Types of Social Facilitation Effects
Audience Effects Co-Action Effects
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Social Facilitation Presence of other group members enhances performance of repetitive tasks Presence of other group members impairs performance of difficult tasks
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Group Member Control Mechanisms
Roles Rules Norms
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Advantages of Rules Ensure that members perform desired behaviors
Facilitate control of behavior Facilitate evaluation of individual performance Provide information for newcomers
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Why Do Group Members Conform to Norms?
Compliance Identification Internalization
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How Can Groups Respond to Deviants?
Attempt to change deviant Expel deviant Change norm
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Socialization and Role Orientation
Institutionalized Individualized
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Table 10.3 Socialization Tactics
Tactics Leading To An Institutionalized Orientation Collective tactics Formal tactics Sequential tactics Fixed tactics Serial tactics Divestiture tactics Tactics Leading To An Individualized Orientation Individual tactics Informal tactics Random tactics Variable tactics Disjunctive tactics Investiture tactics
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