1. Colonizing America

3. Middle Colonies New York
Between the two groups of English Colonies were lands the Dutch controlled.
England attacked and took over the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam in 1664.
King Charles II gave the colony to his brother, the Duke of York.
Renamed it New York

4. New York was a proprietary colony.
Proprietary colony-a colony in which the owner or proprietor owned all the land and controlled the government.
It was one of the fastest growing colonies.
Diverse Population: Dutch, German, Swedish, Native American, and the first Jews to settle in N. America.

5. New Jersey Named after the island of Jersey in the English Channel.
Attracted more settlers by offering large tracts of land; freedom of religion; trial by jury and a representative assembly.
It was a place of ethnic and religious diversity.

6. Pennsylvania Founder-William Penn, a wealthy English Quaker.
Received the colony as a debt payment from King Charles II.
Quakers- also called the Society of Friends.
They believed everyone was equal. They were Pacifists-refused to use force or fight in wars.
Philadelphia-Penn designed and supervised building the “city of brotherly love”.

7. Delaware Formed from the lower counties of Pennsylvania.
Operated as a separate colony but under Pennsylvania’s governor.

8. Southern Colonies
Plantations-Important to the economic growth of the Southern Colonies.
As plantations grew-need for more workers increased.

9. English Criminals and prisoners of war were shipped to the Colonies
English Criminals and prisoners of war were shipped to the Colonies. Had to earn their release by working, usually 7 years.
Many came as indentured servants. They worked without pay for a certain length of time to pay for their passage to America.

10. Maryland Came from the dream of Sir George Calvert, Lord Baltimore.
Wanted a safe place for his fellow Catholics who were being persecuted in England.
He died before receiving his grant of land-his son Cecelious sent two of his brothers to run the colony.

11. Maryland Cont.
The Calvert and Penn families argued about the Maryland/Pennsylvania border.
Hired Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon to map the boundary. Called the Mason-Dixon Line.
Catholics were soon outnumbered and protestant controlled assembly made the Anglican Church of official religion of Maryland.

12. Virginia
As Virginia expanded further west into Native American lands, Gov. Berkeley made a pledge to them to keep from pushing further west.
Nathanial Bacon-young planter who opposed colonial gov’t.
He led attacks on Native American villages. Called Bacon’s Rebellion.

13. Carolina’s
1663-King Charles created a proprietary colony south of Virginia.
Named Carolina- Latin for “Charles’ Land.
John Locke-English philosopher, wrote the colony’s constitution.
Didn’t develop as planned and split into Northern and Southern, creating two colonies.

14. North Carolina Grew tobacco; sold timber and tar.
Had no good harbor so used Virginia’s ports for trade.

15. South Carolina Fertile farmland and good harbor (Charleston).
Traded in deerskin, lumber, and beef.
Discovered rice grew well in lowlands but needed slave labor.

16. Georgia Last British colony set up in America.
James Oglethorpe received a charter for a colony where debtors and poor people could make a fresh start.
Also hoped Georgia’s location would protect other colonies from Spain.
Colony has slow growth-didn’t develop as Oglethorpe had planned.