1. PART ONE
Building the New Dominion,

2. Three Oceans, One Country: 1867-1880
Chapter Two
Three Oceans, One Country:

3. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.
A family of Métis traders in camp, early 1870s. The Red River cart, built without any metal, allowed the Métis to harvest the buffalo herds, which at this point had been greatly depleted on the Canadian side of the border.
Provincial Archives of Manitoba
N14100
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4. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.
Louis Riel (seated directly in the centre) with his council, Riel and his council’s resistance to Canada’s attempted seizure of the Red River led to the Manitoba Act of 1870, which brought Manitoba into Confederation as the first new province.
National Archives of Canada PA-12854; Manitoba Museum of Man and Nature/3661.
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5. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.
Thomas Scott, executed March 4, The Scott Memorial Hall in Winnipeg was erected in his memory in Winnipeg in 1900/1902, by the provincial Grand Lodge of the Orange Order. See: “Great Day for the Orangemen,” Manitoba Free Press, July 13,
Glenbow Archives/NA
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6. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited
Indian treaty areas,
Adapted from: Energy, Mines and Resources Canada. Canada/Indian Treaties. In The National Atlas of Canada, 5th ed., Ottawa: Geographical Services Divisions, 1991.
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7. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited
Future Prime Minister W.L. Mackenzie Kind and two Plains First Nations people, on his western trip of King later served as leader of the federal Liberal party for thirty years, and prime minister for twenty-one. As Liberal leader and prime minister he showed little interest in Aboriginal issues.
National Archives of Canada/C14157.
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8. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited
Before and after: Propaganda photos used to promote the benefits of Native residential schools. From Thomson Ferrier, Indian Education in the North West (Toronto: Department of Missionary Literature of the Methodist Church, 1906), pp.4-5..
National Archives of Canada/C and C
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9. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited
British Columbia’s settler population was very small in the 1870s. This photo, taken outside the legislative buildings in Victoria, shows the entire British Columbia civil service in 1878.
British Columbia Archives/ HP
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10. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited
1867
Canada’s territorial evolution from a nation of four provinces (1867), to five (1870), to seven (1873), and to nine (1905).
Source: These maps are based on information taken from National Topographic System map sheet number MCR © 1969, Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada with permission of Energy, Mines and Resources Canada.
Copyright © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited

11. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited
1870
Canada’s territorial evolution from a nation of four provinces (1867), to five (1870), to seven (1873), and to nine (1905).
Source: These maps are based on information taken from National Topographic System map sheet number MCR © 1969, Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada with permission of Energy, Mines and Resources Canada.
Copyright © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited

12. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited
1873
Canada’s territorial evolution from a nation of four provinces (1867), to five (1870), to seven (1873), and to nine (1905).
Source: These maps are based on information taken from National Topographic System map sheet number MCR © 1969, Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada with permission of Energy, Mines and Resources Canada.
Copyright © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited

13. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited
1905
Canada’s territorial evolution from a nation of four provinces (1867), to five (1870), to seven (1873), and to nine (1905).
Source: These maps are based on information taken from National Topographic System map sheet number MCR © 1969, Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada with permission of Energy, Mines and Resources Canada.
Copyright © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited

14. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited
St. John’s, around Its harbour and the heavily settled part of the island faced the Atlantic Ocean and Britain, not the North American continent and Canada.
Provincial Archives of Newfoundland and Labrador/B4-25.
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15. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited
The Alert, a ship in the British expedition led by Captain George Nares, by an ice floe, Dobbin Bay, The Alert was the first vessel to land on the shores of northern Ellesmere Island.
National Archives of Canada/C52521.
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