1. Chapter 13 Study Guide Answer Key
The Renaissance and Reformation

2. Chapter 13.1 and 13.2 GRQ Answers
Rebirth
Focused on worldly subjects rather than religious issues
Two reasons:
Was the center of the Roman Empire
Located along trade routes which brought in wealth to fund arts
Renaissance art was more realistic and produced portraits of well-known people of the day
Made paintings appear three-dimensional
Mona Lisa, the Last Supper, sketches of flying machines, studies of anatomy, botany, and other sciences
Statues of David and the Pieta; ceiling of Sistine Chapel; Dome of St. Peter’s Cathedral

3. Chapter 13.1 and 13.2 GRQ Answers
Did not discuss leadership in terms of high ideals; stressed that leaders must use whatever means necessary to achieve their goals
More books led to increased literacy rates and education
Vernacular is the everyday language of ordinary people; appealed to the new middle class in the northern cities and towns

4. Chapter 13.3 GRQ Answers
A lessening of the time a soul would have to spend in purgatory.
Originally you had to earn them for your good deeds, but eventually you could buy them
Martin Luther; Wrote the 95 Theses
95 Theses Points:
No basis for them in the Bible
Pope had no authority to release souls from Purgatory
Christians could be saved only through faith
Excommunicated him
Declared him an outlaw and made it a crime to aid him
Translate it into German; Have all kids go to school to learn to read

5. Chapter 13.3 GRQ Answers The “moveable type” printing press
No, because he favored social order and respect for political authority
Allowed each Prince – Catholic or Lutheran – would be followed in his lands.
The idea that God had long ago determined who would gain salvation.
Saints and Sinners
Stressed hard-work, honesty, thrift, discipline, and morality; Could face punishment for things such as fighting, swearing, dancing, and laughing in church
Germany, France, the Netherlands, England, and Scotland; Was also the dominant religion in Switzerland
To the America’s (settlers in the 13 colonies)

6. Chapter 13.4 and 13.5 GRQ Answers
Infants are too young to understand what it means to accept the Christian faith.
Catherine of Aragon; Edward VI; Anne Boelyn
He didn’t want to offend the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V because he was Elizabeth’s nephew
Used Thomas Cromwell to have Parliament pass laws making Henry the head of the Church of England Appointed Thomas Cramner Archbishop to get his divorce passed Acts of Supremacy
Made Henry VIII (and future monarchs of England) the head of the Church of England on Earth
Anglican
Make the Church of England Protestant

7. Chapter 13.4 and 13.5 GRQ Answers
She wanted England to be Catholic
Henry VIII and Anne Boelyn
Appealed to both Protestants and Catholics
Protestant
Rooted out heresies through testimony, torture, and execution; Created a list of forbidden books that were considered immoral or irreligious
Persecuted and sent to ghettos
People began to look at things logically (using mathematics) and realized that they world could be known, managed, and shaped by people
Sun is center of universe and several planets revolve around it
They contradicted ancient views about the world and challenged the Church teachings

8. Chapter 13.4 and 13.5 GRQ Answers
Tried before the Inquisition, placed on house arrest, and forced to recant his findings
Truth is not known at the beginning of inquiry, but at the end after a process of investigation
Step-by-step process of discovery
A single force keeps the planets in orbit around the sun.