1. Imperialism in Africa

2. Before Imperialism Diversity Europeans enter the scene 1450 AD
1,000 languages and groups
Various sizes of political bodies (from villages to empires)
Christian, Muslim and Traditionalist religions
Europeans enter the scene 1450 AD
They only could build forts on the coasts because of disease and strong African armies
Wanted slaves and refueling stations to reach Asia

3. Explorer Dr. David Livingstone
Goal = “Christianity, commerce and civilization” to Africa
Three trips into Africa ( )
Wrote travel-adventure books about Africa’s beauty and vast natural resources
“Discovered” Victoria Falls

4. The Scramble for Africa
A 33 year period from about 1881 to 1914 when European powers conquered nearly all of Africa.

5. The Berlin Conference 1884-1885
What: Meeting hosted by Otto von Bismarck, leader of Germany, to make rules for claiming territory in Africa.
Rules created:
Colonies had to be "effectively occupied” (planting a flag does not equal ownership)
Had to defend and administer the area
By 1913, only Ethiopia and Liberia were independent

6. Imperialism in Africa
Case Studies

7. What happens to people who don’t unite against a common threat?
Opening
What happens to people who don’t unite against a common threat?

8. Let’s look at a few specific case studies of imperialism in Africa

9. Case Study: The Congo

10. Case Study: The Congo Before Imperialism
Rain forest, plateau
Early site of iron and copper work
Bantu speaking peoples
Traded in ivory, people for slavery

11. Case Study: The Congo Motives for Imperialism
Belgian King Leopold II
Economic
Rubber for shoes and gloves, but especially automobile tires
Ivory, iron, copper
Ideological
Claimed he wanted to “end the slave trade”

12. Case Study: The Congo Methods of Imperialism
Belgian King Leopold II
Enslaved native Africans
Ordered the “Force Publique” to beat, mutilate and kill to meet quotas for rubber and ivory
Millions were killed

17. Case Study: The Congo After Imperialism
Time Period (Years)
What Happened
The African Congo Free State (1877–1908)
Period of King Leopold II’s exploitation
Belgian Congo ( )
Direct rule by Belgium’s parliament
The Congo Crisis (1960 – 1971)
Independence leads to civil war
Zaire ( )
Corruption and dictatorship
Democratic Republic of Congo (1997 – ???)
Civil wars in neighboring Uganda and Rwanda have spilled into the country

18. Case Study: The Congo After Imperialism
Today
Civil war continues
5 million killed
45,000 killed per month
Attacks on civilians
Millions of refugees
Child soldiers
Rape used as a method of warfare (200,000 reported)
One of the poorest countries in the world

19. Closing
Considering what happened in the Congo, people should unite against a common threat because…

20. What happens if you have two plants, but only water one of them?
Opening
What happens if you have two plants, but only water one of them?

21. Case Study: South Africa

22. Case Study: South Africa Before Imperialism
Early human sites
United by Shaka Zulu
“Cape of Good Hope” was a key port for Europeans on the way to trade in Asia
Dutch settlers called the Boers arrived in 1652

23. Case Study: South Africa Motives for Imperialism
Political Motive
Strategic location
Economic Motives
1. Diamonds
2. Gold -1886

24. Case Study: South Africa Methods of Imperialism
British vs. Zulu (Blacks)
Zulu nearly win with spears and shields!
Zulu lose kingdom (1879) submit to British (1887)
British vs. Boers (Dutch)
Boer War (1899 – 1910)
Racial Discrimination

25. Case Study: South Africa After Imperialism
Independence from Britain (1910)
Racial Discrimination (1910 – 1948)
Laws restricting voting, housing, property, schooling, jobs…
Apartheid (1948 – 1994)
Segregation of whites, blacks and mixed people ends with Nelson Mandela

26. Case Study: South Africa After Imperialism
Today
80% Black
Developing Nation
Economic growth – success story
Huge wealth/income gaps remain between racial groups

28. Closing
Considering what happened in South Africa, people should water all their plants because…

29. Can someone be forced to change?
Opening
Can someone be forced to change?

30. Case Study: Ivory Coast

31. Case Study: Ivory Coast Before Imperialism
Large rich societies
Kong Empire
Gyaaman
Baoule
Islam, traditional religions
Transatlantic slave trade (1500 – 1870)

32. Case Study: Ivory Coast Before Imperialism
To slavery in the Americas

34. Case Study: Ivory Coast Motives for Imperialism
Political Motive
France wanted all of West Africa
Ideological
Wanted to make West Africa French
Economic Motive
Natural resources – people for slavery, cocoa, coffee, rubber, and IVORY

35. Case Study: Ivory Coast Methods of Imperialism
Faster Transportation
Controlled trade on the rivers and in and out of the country’s ports
Assimilation
Forced Africans to learn French language, culture and Christianity

36. Case Study: Ivory Coast After Imperialism
Independence from France (1960)
Official language is French
Islam, Christianity and traditional religions are practiced

37. Closing
Considering what happened in the Ivory Coast, people should not force others to change because…