1. Review for Earth Science Chapter 12 Fresh Water Resources
Vincent Eblacas
Untalan Middle School
SY 2017 to 2018

2. Earth Science Chapter 12 Fresh Water Resources
What are three major sources of fresh water? (15 points) any 3 of these 4. 1) Rivers 2) Lakes 3) Reservoirs 4) Aquifers….

3. Earth Science Chapter 12 Fresh Water Resources
What are the 5 major factors used to measure the quality of drinking water? (25 points)
Appearance and taste
Acidity
Hardness
disease causing organisms
standards of quality.

4. Earth Science Chapter 12 Fresh Water Resources
What are the six major steps for processing drinking water? (30 points)
Filtration---getting the big pieces of material out of the sewage.
Coagulation-----adding chemicals so the particles stick together and fall out of the sewage
second filtration----gets out the smaller particles
Chlorination----added to kill off the bacteria and other organisms
Aeration---putting in air to purge out the excess chlorine
additional treatment such as adding fluoride or other chemicals

5. Earth Science Chapter 12 Fresh Water Resources
What are the two major ways water is distributed in modern times? (10 points)
Pumping stations---pumps are directly attached to the pipes so they can push the water through the pipes. Usually used only over short distances since it is not cost effective to use pumps over long distances.
water towers---water is pumped up to a tower or tank and then gravity pushes the water downhill to provide the pressure to keep the water flowing in the pipes.

6. Earth Science Chapter 12 Fresh Water Resources
What are the three levels of wastewater treatment? (15 points)
Primary removes the big stuff
secondary takes out the smaller stuff and bacteria processes the waste material
tertiary filters out the remaining particles and treats it to make it drinkable.

7. Earth Science Chapter 12 Fresh Water Resources
Explain what the working set up of a septic tank and leach field. (10 points)
A septic tank gathers the wastewater to it can be later spread out on a leaching field which will allow the waste material to break down and for the water to drain off

8. Earth Science Chapter 12 Fresh Water Resources
What are the two major causes of water shortage? (10 points)
Drought is when there is not enough rain to replenish the water sources
Overuse is when too much water is pumped out or diverted away

9. Earth Science Chapter 12 Fresh Water Resources
What are the 3 ways to conserve water? (15 points)
In homes it is using water efficient appliances
in agriculture it is drip irrigation
in industry it recycling the water instead of always using fresh water.

10. Earth Science Chapter 12 Fresh Water Resources
What are 2 alternatives being considered to solve water shortages? (10 points)
Desalination---using filters and reverse osmosis to process the water so it is drinkable.
bringing in icebergs which are mostly fresh water.

11. Earth Science Chapter 12 Fresh Water Resources
Explain the difference between point source and non-point pollution. (10 points)
Point source pollution has a trackable source while non-point pollution is not easily traced.

12. Earth Science Chapter 12 Fresh Water Resources
What are the 4 major types of pollution? (20 points)
Human wastes----sewage and trash
industrial waste----various hazardous chemicals
agricultural chemicals—fertilizers and pesticides
runoff from the roads---oil and salt are two of the major substances that come off of roads

13. Earth Science Chapter 12 Fresh Water Resources
Why are wetlands important? (5 points)
Any one or more of these
Wet lands can often reduce pollution.
Wetland also provide places where organisms breed
Wetlands can process pollution.

14. Earth Science Chapter 12 Fresh Water Resources
explain how a hydroelectric plant works? (20 points)
Water is built up behind a dam
the floodgates are opened to allow some of the water to move past the dam
the moving water will turn the turbines that generate the electrical power
the electrical power is then sent to places that can use it such as homes and businesses.