1. Scientific Method

2. Scientific Method Critical Thinking
Asks questions and are willing to wonder
Define problems in clear concrete terms
Examines all available evidence
Recognizes and analyzes assumptions and biases
Avoids emotional reasoning
Doesn’t over or under simplify
Considers other interpretations of evidence
Tolerates uncertainty

3. Scientific Method Theory Hypothesis Principle of Falsifiablility
Operational Definition
Replication

4. Scientific Method Three Main Types of Studies Descriptive Studies
Correlation Studies
Experimentation

5. Descriptive Studies Case studies Longitudinal studies
Cross sectional studies
Sequential studies
Observational studies
Naturalistic
Laboratory

7. Descriptive Studies Testing Reliability Validity Standardized
Objective
Subjective
Surveys
Random sampling
Population

8. Correlation Studies: Shows strength of relationships not causation
Correlation coefficient
The closer to the stronger the relationship
Illusory correlation
money/health money/car problems

9. Experimentation Experiment Independent variable Dependent variable
Groups
Experimental Group (condition)
Control Group (condition)
Placebo
Double Blind

10. Analysis and Interpretation
Descriptive Statistics (describe our scores)
Measures of Central Tendency
Mean
Median
Mode
Measures of Variability
Range Times at bat
Standard deviation (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)
Inferential Statistics (determine significance)

11. Ethics
The American Psychological Association promotes the following basic research standards:
Informed consent
Do no harm
Confidentiality
Debrief required if deceit must be used

13. Careers in Psychology Major Divisions Research
Basic (increases knowledge base)
Applied (solving practical problems)
Clinical (studies, assesses, and treats people)
Psychiatry (medical)
Useable in all career fields

14. Careers in Psychology Cognitive Psychologists Community Psychologists
 Counseling Psychologists
 Developmental Psychologists
 Educational Psychologists
 Engineering Psychologists
 Environmental Psychologists
 Forensic Psychologists

15. Careers in Psychology Health Psychologists
 Industrial / Organizational Psychologists
 Neuropsychologists
 Rehabilitation Psychologists
 School Psychologists
 Social Psychologists
 Sports Psychologists
Military Psychologists