1. AP EURO Unit #2 – Age of Absolutism Lesson #7 Non-Absolutist States

2. Constitutionalist Government
Absolute States:
France, Spain, Austria, Russia
What do they have in common?
Non-Absolutist States:
United Provinces, England
Republicanism: elected government, no king
Hobbes vs. Locke

3. The Great Restoration 1660 STUART MONARCHS OF ENGLAND James I
Charles I
ENGLISH CIVIL WAR
Stuarts – 2m
Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector
Charles II r
James
Rap – 2m
Cromwell died, and Parliament invited
Charles I son to return to England – they
restored the Stuarts to power.

4. Charles II The Merry Monarch Had been a “guest” of Louis XIV 1650-1660
(not in Versailles – that was started 1664)
Charming, skillful
Exhumed father’s body – sewed head back on
Exhumed Cromwell’s body and desecrated

5. Charles II Determined to not be exiled Refused to tax the people
Borrowed $$ from Louis XIV (cousin)
Charles “payback” was to just encourage Catholicism in England
Charles relaxed anti-Catholic laws
Treaty of Dover
England vs. Dutch (France sided with English)

6. Explain the significance of the Great Restoration.

7. Explain the significance of the Great Restoration.
The Great Restoration was significant because of how Parliament chose the next king.
Charles II was the king who was restored in the Great Restoration.
The Great Restoration shows the evolution of English political development, the self-awareness of Parliament as leaders of England.
English Parliament had developed into a powerful force in England, from being recognized by the Tudors with the Act of Supremacy, to finally choosing the monarch in opposition to the hereditary succession. While monarchies and monarchists in and out of England would oppose the choice of William and Mary over James, no force was able to prevent Parliament from exercising its Locke-taught responsibility to replace a government which does not protect the Natural Rights of its citizens.
CRAP
STILL CRAP, JUST NOT AS STINKY
MEDIOCRE – ALMOST NOT CRAP
GREAT

8. The Test Act Stuarts restored to throne 1660 (Cromwell had died 1658)
Parliament fully restored (replaced “Rump”)
Some parliamentarians seemed rather Catholic
Parliament enacted TEST ACT 1673
“do you believe in transubstantiation?”
All non-Anglican religions made illegal
Denied right to vote or hold public office, preach, teach, go to university, even peaceably assemble
William Penn – got grant for PA from Charles II
What has this non-Catholic England come to resemble?

9. EXPLAIN HOW WILLIAM PENN IS AN EXAMPLE OF ENGLAND’S PEACEFUL SOLUTION TO RELIGION INTOLERANCE

10. Great Fire of London of 1666 Destroyed 373 acres of the City
13,200 homes, 84 churches, 44 company halls
Raged for four days
Fewer than 10 people died
Rebuilding City killed more people
Bon Fire Night– 2m
Guy Fawkes
And the GUN POWDER PLOT
Bon Fire Night

11. EXPLAIN HOW GUY FAWKES IS AN EXAMPLE OF A VIOLENT PROTEST TO THE STUART GOVERNMENT’S INABILITY TO RELATE TO THE ENGLISH PEOPLE

12. STUART MONARCHS OF ENGLAND
James I
Charles I
ENGLISH CIVIL WAR
Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector
Charles II
James II
No one liked James II, who was friends
with many Catholics.

13. James II Younger brother to Charles II (r. 1685-1688 – only 3 years)
Openly friendly to Catholics
Appointed Catholics to high posts and army officers
Demanded Test Act repealed
Parliament refused
What was the REAL reason Parliament hated James?

14. IN WHAT WAY DID THE ENGLISH PEOPLE RESPOND TO LEADERSHIP THEY DIDN’T LIKE.

15. GLORIOUS REVOLUTION STUART MONARCHS OF ENGLAND
GLORIOUS REVOLUTION was when William and Mary were invited to invade England by Parliament and claim the throne from James II.
James I
Charles I
His son would never be king
ENGLISH CIVIL WAR
Oliver Cromwell
Charles II
James II
William III
Mary II
Anne
(Protestant)
James
(Catholic)
(William and Mary would rule as joint monarchs)

16. Glorious Revolution William and Mary invited to “invade” England
James could not find supporters
Escaped to France
William & Mary chosen by Parliament
Had to sign a BILL OF RIGHTS
What should this document say? What does Parliament want?
Parliament would vote on all taxes
Monarchs would rule with consent of Parliament
Monarchs were subject to law
Had to agree to rule jointly
What was so GLORIOUS about the Glorious Revolution?
John Locke – wrote Second Treatise to support

17. STUART MONARCHS OF ENGLAND
When William and Mary died, Anne became queen.
Anne had no kids who lived past infancy, so the Stuart line died with her.
James I
Charles I
ENGLISH CIVIL WAR
Oliver Cromwell
Charles II
James II
William
Mary
Anne I
James
(Catholic)
William III
Mary II

18. UNITED PROVINCES

19. 50% is lower than 3’ elevation

23. Dutch Republic – the basics
United Provinces
Were part of Spanish Netherlands
80 Years War ( )
Officially recognized by Treaty of Westphalia (1648)
Rejected monarchial rule
Elected wealthy elite to STATES GENERAL
Stadholders – ceremonial functions
Wealth based on
Frugality, hard work, thrift, modest living
Sea trade
Transporting goods
Their unique character and focus was built on rebellion from Spain for nearly a century
… and their belief they were right, they were unique, and they were worthy to BE FREE from tyranny

24. Describe the Dutch people…
Are they likable?
Why?

25. Dutch Republic – sea faring
Dominated ship building and transporting
16,000 ships in 1650
Half of all ships in Europe
GREAT investors and planners
Steady supply of cheap grain from Poland
Supplier of salted fish to Europe
Supplier of textiles to Europe
Bought whole forests in Norway, fields in Poland
Bought in bulk – undercut everyone
Amsterdam had something for everyone
Fully tolerant

26. Why would the famous “Pilgrims” move to this region in 1607 from Anglican controlled England?
Hints:
Act of Uniformity (Elizabeth I, 1559)
English Book of Common Prayer
The ascension of James I (1603)

27. The Dutch – the character
Prided themselves as focused, hard working, thrifty, and not ostentatious.
And tolerant, although very Protestant
Amsterdam was the capital and hub of it all!
They welcomed the Puritan Separatists in 1607 – who became the Pilgrims in 1620
Detested men with too much power
Proud of their wealth
Dutch Reformed Church
Usually stood… four hours
Appealed to the very pious
Describe this church… an impressions

28. What made the Dutch so exceptional?
Analyze the character of the Dutch so using these pictures. These men were all leaders.
How was Amsterdam able to become the financial capital of Europe?

29. What will this unique attitude lead to, for the Dutch?

30. Dutch Republic Massive middle class Urban society
Highest standard of living in Europe
Hoarded grain for times of famine
Dutch East Indian Company – 1602
Government charted
First company to sell stock
35% annual profits by 1630
Night Watch, 1642

31. Foreign relations The Dutch got along with almost everyone
They had close relationship with England during Elizabeth’s era (up to 1604, when she died) – they both hated the Spanish
English relations with Spain improved during the Stuarts; as competition for colonies heated up in early (to mid) 1600s
Anglo-Dutch Wars (3) broke out over trade routes (all 3 wars were two years long)

32. Foreign relations
Franco-Dutch War ( ) touched off the worst year for the Dutch – called “the year of disaster”
Treaty of Dover
Charles II (England) joined Louis XIV (France)
Charles had become friends with Louis during exile during the English Civil War
This was Louis’ second (of four) wars
The Dutch were attacked at land and at sea
The Dutch were desperate – smashed open levees and dikes to flood fields, to trap French Troops
War cost enormous debt, and a refocus of their investments
And, they had to put faith in strong leaders; they hated strong leaders

33. ANALYZE THE REASONS FOR THE EMEGENCE OF AMSTERDAM AS THE COMMERCIAL AND FINANCIAL CENTER OF EUROPE IN THE 17TH CENTURIES (sample Long Essay)

34. Decline of the Dutch Republic
Why would the Dutch be challenged by other nations?
What type of conflict will they have with their old friends, the English?
While at war with the English, why won’t they be building wealth? (think of how they had become rich)
What do you think their normal clients will do, in the mean time?
Sadly, for the Dutch…
Others found other means for ships and transportation
When Dutch were done with wars, other nations had found other suppliers