1. AP EURO Unit #2 – Age of Absolutism Lesson #7 Non-Absolutist States

2. Essential Questions 1.What made the Dutch so exceptional? 2.What caused the English to become a true Republic?

3. Constitutionalist Government Absolute States: – France, Spain, Austria, Russia – What do they have in common? Non-Absolutist States: – United Provinces, England – What do they have in common? – Republicanism: elected government, no king

4. James I STUART MONARCHS OF ENGLAND Charles I ENGLISH CIVIL WAR Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector Charles II James The Great Restoration Cromwell died, and Parliament invited Charles I son to return to England – they restored the Stuarts to power. rap 1660 r.1660-1685

5. The Test Act Stuarts restored to throne 1660 (Cromwell had died 1658) Parliament fully restored (replaced “Rump”) Some parliamentarians seemed rather Catholic Parliament enacted TEST ACT 1673 – “do you believe in transubstantiation?” All non-Anglican religions made illegal – Denied right to vote or hold public office, preach, teach, go to university, even peaceably assemble – William Penn – got grant for PA from Charles II What has this non-Catholic England come to resemble?

6. Great Fire of London Destroyed 373 acres of the City 13,200 homes, 84 churches, 44 company halls Raged for four days Fewer than 10 people died Rebuilding City killed more people

7. Charles II The Merry Monarch Had been a “guest” of Louis XIV 1650-1660 – (not in Versailles – that was started 1664) Charming, skillful Exhumed father’s both – sewed head back on Exhumed Cromwell’s body and desecrated

8. Charles II Determined to not be exiled Refused to tax the people Borrowed $$ from Louis XIV (cousin) Charles “payback” was to just encourage Catholicism in England Charles relaxed anti-Catholic laws Treaty of Dover – England vs. Dutch (France sided with English)

9. James I STUART MONARCHS OF ENGLAND Charles I ENGLISH CIVIL WAR Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector Charles II James II No one liked James II, who was friends with many Catholics.

10. James II Younger brother to Charles II (r. 1685-1688 – only 3 years) Openly friendly to Catholics – Appointed Catholics to high posts and army officers Demanded Test Act repealed – Parliament refused What was the REAL reason Parliament hated James?

11. James I STUART MONARCHS OF ENGLAND Charles I ENGLISH CIVIL WAR Oliver Cromwell Charles II James II Mary II Anne (Protestant) James (Catholic) William III GLORIOUS REVOLUTION was when William and Mary were invited to invade England by Parliament and claim the throne from James II. His son would never be king GLORIOUS REVOLUTION (William and Mary would rule as joint monarchs)

12. Glorious Revolution William and Mary invited to “invade” England James could not find supporters Escaped to France William & Mary chosen by Parliament – Had to sign a BILL OF RIGHTS Parliament would vote on all taxes Monarchs would rule with consent of Parliament Monarchs were subject to law – Had to agree to rule jointly What was so GLORIOUS about the Glorious Revolution? John Locke – wrote Second Treatise to support

13. James I STUART MONARCHS OF ENGLAND Charles I Charles II James II Mary II James (Catholic) William III Anne I When William and Mary died, Anne became queen. Anne had no kids who lived past infancy, so the Stuart line died with her. Mary William ENGLISH CIVIL WAR Oliver Cromwell

14. Answer one of these questions as the opening paragraph to a good essay 1. Discuss how our American Revolution can trace its roots to the English Civil War. 2. How did Elizabeth’s lack of an heir lead indirectly to the English Civil War?

15. Your job: 1.Count off in your group (1-2-3-4) 2.Question 1 will be answered by 1s and 2s. 3.Questions 2 will be answered by 3s and 4s. 4.Write a full opening paragraph to your question. 5.With the others in your group, find the “best” example. It should: 1.Answer all parts of the question 2.Create a claim, and start to prove the claim 3.Be very VERY clear and analytical

16. Dutch Republic – the basics United Provinces Officially recognized by Treaty of Westphalia Rejected monarchial rule Elected wealthy elite to STATES GENERAL Stadholders – ceremonial functions Wealth based on – Frugality, hard work, thrift, modest living – Sea trade – Transporting goods Their unique character and focus was built on rebellion from Spain for nearly a century, and their belief they were right

17. Dutch Republic – sea faring Dominated ship building and transporting 16,000 ships in 1650 – Half of all ships in Europe GREAT investors and planners – Steady supply of cheap grain from Poland – Supplier of salted fish to Europe – Supplier of textiles to Europe – Bought whole forests in Norway, fields in Poland – Bought in bulk – undercut everyone – Amsterdam had something for everyone – Fully tolerant

18. The Dutch – the character Prided themselves as focused, hard working, thrifty, and not ostentatious. And tolerant, although very Protestant Welcomed the Puritan Separatists in 1607 – who became the Pilgrims in 1620 Detested men with too much power Proud of their wealth Dutch Reformed Church Usually stood… four hours Appealed to the very pious Describe this church… an impressions

19. What made the Dutch so exceptional?

20. Dutch Republic Massive middle class Urban society Highest standard of living in Europe Hoarded grain for times of famine Dutch East Indian Company – 1602 – Government charted – First company to sell stock – 35% annual profits by 1630 Night Watch, 1642

21. Decline of the Dutch Republic Challenged by all other nations Naval Wars against England disrupted trade Others found other means for ships and transportation When Dutch were done with wars, other nations had found other suppliers