1. The industrial revolution

2. The Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution is one of the most important developments in human history
It drew on the Scientific Revolution
It utterly transform European society
It propelled Europe to a global dominance
Not since the Agricultural Revolution had human ways of life been so fundamentally altered.

3. Where did it begin?
The Industrial Revolution began independently in one place
Unlike its agricultural predecessor
Western Europe -- more specifically Great Britain.  
From Great Britain, it spread around the world
It was a cumulative process that accelerated over time
Within 250 years industrialization had spread worldwide.
Far more than Christianity, democracy, or capitalism, Europe’s Industrial Revolution has been welcomed everywhere

4. Fossil Fuels
During the Industrial Revolution humans turned to fossil fuels as sources of power
Coal, oil, natural gas.
These provided immensely greater quantities of energy
Fossil fuels replaced renewable sources:
Wind, water, wood, and muscle

5. Fossil Fuels damage the environment
Fossil fuels damaged the environment
Sewers and industrial waste emptied into rivers
Polluted rivers smelled awful
Air pollution caused respiratory illness

6. The Age of man
For many historians, the Industrial Revolution marked a new era in both human history and the history of the planet
Scientists increasingly call the Anthropocene, or the “age of man.”
Human industrial activity left a mark on the ecological, atmospheric, and geological history of the earth.

7. New sources of energy = Increased output
A huge increase in the output of goods and services
1750 – 1900: Industrial output increased 50 fold in Great Britain
An unprecedented jump in the capacity of to produce wealth

8. increase in productivity was accompanied by . . .
The rise of the factory system
The division of labor
An alteration in social relations – increasing class conflict

9. technological innovation
Industrial Revolution led to technological creativity
An acceleration in the rate of innovation
Innovations transformed cotton textile production
The spinning jenny, power loom, steam engine, and cotton gin
The “culture of innovation” was widespread
A belief that things could be endlessly improved
Europeans in general and the British in particular forged ahead of the rest of the world

10. The Coal-fired steam engine
Coal-fired steam engine -- the great breakthrough
An inanimate and almost limitless source of power
Beyond that of wind, water, or muscle
It could be used to power a variety of machines
Used to power locomotives and oceangoing ships

11. Industrial revolution expands
Beyond the textile industry
To iron and steel production
To weapons
To railroads and steamships -- transportation
To food processing, and construction.
Late 19th century – the 2nd Industrial Revolution
Chemicals, electricity, precision machinery
The telegraph and telephone -- communication
Rubber, printing, and much more.

12. Impact on agriculture
The Industrial Revolution transformed agriculture
Mechanical reapers
Chemical fertilizers
Pesticides
Refrigeration 

13. Industrial revolution spreads . . .
Industrialization spread beyond Britain
Continental Western Europe
1850s -- United States, Russia, and Japan.
20th century, Industrial Revolution became global
To Asia, Africa, and Latin America
Oil, natural gas, & nuclear reactions available
New industries emerged
Cars, airplanes, consumer durable goods
Electronics, computers, and on and on