1. Elements of Narrative (fictional or autobiographical)

2. Setting
Time
Place
Culture

3. Point of View The perspective from which a story is told TYPES
First person
Third person omniscient
Third person limited
Third person objective

4. First Person Point of View
The narrator is one of the characters in the story
First person pronouns such as I, my, we, and mine are used in telling the story.
Because the narrator is a character in the story, he/she may not be entirely reliable.
We find out only what the character knows, thinks, and witnesses.

5. Third Person Omniscient
The narrator is all (omni-) knowing (scient) and can see into the minds of all of the characters. The narrator can also report what is said and done.
The narrator is not a character in the story.
Third person pronouns such as she, hers, he, his, it, its, they and them are used in telling the story.
We find out what all of the characters do, feel, think, and witness.

6. Third Person Limited View
The narrator is not a character in the story
Third person pronouns such as he, him, she, hers, it, its, they, and them are used in telling the story.
The narrator tells the story from the vantage point of one character.
We find out only what this character knows, thinks, and witnesses.

7. Third Person Objective
The narrator is not a character in the story
Third person pronouns such as he, his, she, hers, it, its, they, and them are used in telling the story.
The narrator is an observer who can only tell what is said and done.
The narrator cannot see into the minds of any of the characters.
We find out only what the characters say and do, not what they think.

8. Character Development
Authors develop characters through---
Appearance
Actions (What they do)
Words (What they say)
Effect on others
This is called “characterization”

9. Darry is six-feet-two, and broad-shouldered and muscular
Darry is six-feet-two, and broad-shouldered and muscular. He has dark-brown hair that kicks out in front and a slight cowlick in the back--- just like Dad's--- but Darry's eyes are his own. He's got eyes that are like two pieces of pale blue-green ice. (Appearance)
"You don't ever think," Darry broke in, "not at home or anywhere when it counts. (What the character says)
Darry wheeled around and slapped me so hard that it knocked me against the door. (What the character does)
Me and Darry just didn't dig each other. I never could please him. He would have hollered at me for carrying a blade if I had carried one. If I brought home B's, he wanted A's, and if I got A's, he wanted to make sure they stayed A's. (Effect on others)

10. Plot
The plot is the series of events in a story. It has a specific structure.
Exposition
Rising Action
Climax
Falling Action
Resolution

11. Exposition
Happens at the beginning of a story. Characters are introduced and we learn about the setting of the story. Most importantly, we are introduced to the main conflict (main problem).

12. Rising Action
The series of events that happen and build up tension and suspense in the story. The tension is the result of the basic conflict. The Rising Action leads up to the Climax.

13. Climax
Usually happens toward the end of the story, after the reader the conflict and has understood become emotionally involved with the characters. The conflict is resolved and usually, the main character undergoes some sort of change.

14. Falling Action The story begins to come to a close. The Falling Action
shows the results of the
decisions or action that
happened during the climax.

15. Resolution
Loose ends are tied up and the story comes to a conclusion.

16. Conflict The struggle between two opposing forces.
Almost every story has a main conflict, which is the story’s focus.
An external conflict involves a character who struggles against an outside force.
An internal conflict occurs within a character.

17. Types of Conflict External Internal Character vs. character
Character vs. nature
Character vs. society
Character vs. fate
Character vs. technology
Character vs. supernatural
Internal
Character vs. him or herself

18. Narrative Strategies Action Dialogue
The author uses the narrator to reveal the action of the story
Dialogue
The author uses dialogue from characters to move the action forward.