1. School Segregation by Race & Socioeconomic Status
By: Briana Escobar, Abby DeThorne, Vanessa Samuelson

2. CEL + Segregation
Implies that there is a deficit in the schools in their area

3. The Issue: School Segregation by Race & SES
Segregation can be defined as the separation of people based on racial, social, biological, etc. classifications.
Racial segregation and socioeconomic segregation are very prevalent in US.
Highly segregated neighborhoods lead to highly segregated schools
Segregated schools contribute to educational inequality
Education inequality leads to unequal career and life outcomes

5. History of Segregation
-Since 1954, the fight to end school segregation has been an issue that has gained national attention
-1980s Setbacks
-The topic has been somewhat addressed, but schools are not fully desegregated still
- Redlining cities
-Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954), Brown I and Brown II (1955)
-Justice Department’s Civil Rights Division opposing desegregation initiatives
-then: people’s views didn’t allow it, now: socioeconomic status of certain races keeps them segregated

6. Importance:
“Racial segregation is not just about race. It is also about access to jobs, good schools, and decent economic prospects in life. Where one lives significantly determines the availability and quality of opportunities such as public education, employment, and wealth accumulation and thus dramatically impacts one’s life chances. To the extent that racial segregation limits people’s residential choices, it undermines equality of opportunity”
Education is important to society and its future

7. Evolving over time
-Economic school segregation has increased over the past 40 years
-Brown decision has made slow impacts on desegregation since 1954
Why slow impacts? More than just the socioeconomic divide?

8. -Still see an increase in black students in minority schools
-Still see an increase in black students in minority schools. The lowest is still about 35%-why do you believe they are continuously increasing?

9. US Schools Still Segregated

10. Segregation in Minneapolis, MN
Minnesota has the worst financial inequality in the United States, which leads to high amounts of school segregation

12. School Segregation in Germany
People of Turkish, Kurdish, and Arab background are referred to as “migrants”, even if they are second or third generation immigrants
Turkish, Kurdish, and Arab students routinely placed in the lowest level schools at a young age.
Early school placement often determines the course of a child’s life.
3 school paths: Gymnasium (the highest level school preparing students for university studies), Realschule (the intermediate level), or Hauptschule (the lowest level, which prepares children for work or vocational training).
On average these children attend a Hauptschule twice as often as other children of the same socioeconomic class.
Current system failing to help children overcome disadvantage and marginalization that they experience as a result of their background, including as ethnic or religious minorities.

13. Segregation by Race
Since the desegregation of schools, diversity in schools has gone up dramatically, however
Whites and Asians are more likely to attend schools in the suburbs
Blacks and Latinos are more likely to attend schools in higher poverty areas
Gentrification causes there to be an influx of whites into communities, and people of color are being pushed out, creating more expensive neighborhoods, and drawing new boundary lines for schools

14. Segregation by SES High-Poverty schools
76–100% of students eligible for free or reduced-price meals.
16,122 schools in US considered high-poverty schools ( ).
Cities tend to have greater percentages of high-poverty schools.
Average reading scores for 4th- and 8th-grade students from high-poverty schools tend to be lower than the scores for students from low-poverty schools.
Average math scores also tend to be lower for students in high-poverty schools.
Racial segregation is highly correlated with SES segregation.

17. Effects of segregation by SES
Blacks, Latinos, and American Indians are less likely to have access to preschool education, AP classes, experienced teachers, high curriculum rigor, therefore lower rates of college attendance and high school graduation (Heitzeg 21).
Schools get most of their funding from property taxes
Low SES neighborhood have less revenue from taxes to fund school programs
Schools with inadequate funding struggle, are labeled “bad” schools
“Bad” schools reinforce poverty in low SES neighborhoods

18. How should schools be integrated?
What are the benefits of integration?
If there are no real benefits, then what other alternatives are there for the problem of school resegregation?

19. Solutions: Integration
-Academic, cognitive, and social benefits
-The Century Foundation
-Integration strategies
-district-wide policies, transfer practices, zone boundaries, magnet school admissions, charter school admissions

20. From TCF website-integration policies

21. Integration Benefits:
Attending racially integrated schools and classrooms improves the academic achievement of minority students, whether measured by test scores, attendance rates, graduation rates, or the likelihood of attending college.
Research also shows that integration helps to reduce the achievement gap between students of different racial and ethnic groups.
Minority students who attended integrated schools tend to choose more lucrative occupations in which minorities are historically underrepresented and to have higher incomes than their peers in segregated schools.
Students who experience interracial contact in integrated school settings are more likely to live, work, and attend college in more integrated settings.
Interracial contact in desegregated settings decreases racial prejudice among students and facilitates more positive interracial relations.
Integrate-Twin-Cities-Schools-and-Neighborhoods.pdf

22. How Do We Solve Stubborn Segregation in Schools?

23. Cited:
&bih=629&noj=1&tbm=isch&source=lnms&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwin0t- X2tHPAhXkz4MKHYHAA-4Q_AUICSgC&dpr=1#imgrc=RMhMrnZ3Z54YjM%3A
education-germany
School-to-Prison Pipeline - Heitzeg