1. The Interwar Period Between WWI and WWII

2. Recall Activity
Causes of WWI: MAIN Alliances Lusitania/Zimmerman Telegram Two-Front War New Weapons Trench Warfare

4. The Treaty of Versailles A Peace Built on Quicksand
Created a League of Nations
Punished Germany/Article 231 – “War Guilt Clause”
Restricted Military, Lost Territory
Major Problems of Treaty
The US does not approve Treaty
Colonies wanted Independence (i.e. India)
Germany is ANGRY for taking FULL blame
Japan and Italy feel slighted for not getting any of the “spoils of war.”

5. Provisions of The Versailles Treaty with regard to Germany
Forced to give up colonial possessions.
Alsace-Lorraine was returned to France.
The German army was limited to 100,000.
The Rhineland was demilitarized and occupied by allies for 15 years.
Submarines and military airplanes were banned.
The manufacture of war material was banned.
$33 billion dollars in reparations
Germany was blamed completely for the war.

6. The Great Depression (1929 – 1940s)
The Great Depression begins in US but spreads throughout the world WWI is a major cause Depression causes many COMPLEX problems: Unemployment, inflation, devaluation of currency, poverty, corruption, etc. People Seek: SIMPLE SOLUTIONS TO COMPLEX PROBLEMS.

7. GREAT DEPRESSION HITS THE WORLD!

12. Interwar Germany The Weimar Republic

13. Major Problems in Germany
WEAK GOVERNMENT (Weimar Republic fails to meet the needs of the people.)
Rising Debt (Reparations)
Hyper Inflation
GREAT DEPRESSION spreads to Germany

14. How much would this cost in a Germany experiencing hyper-inflation?

15. German Marks needed to buy a $170.00 iPod
Jan
Jan ,349.00
Jan ,477.00
Sept ,439,000.00
Oct 2, ,631,749,000.00
Oct 30, ,347,070,000,000.00
Nov 5, ,700,000,000,000.00
Nov 30, ,000,000,000,000.00

21. The German people respond to these problems by looking for Scapegoats
(someone to blame for their problems)
The people blame the government (WEIMAR REPUBLIC) and vote for the Nazi Party - Hitler blames the Jews.
Hitler and the Nazi Party rise to power by offering people SIMPLE SOLUTIONS TO COMPLEX PROBLEMS.

22. Misery loves company…

23. Major Problems in Italy
Increasing Inflation
Increasing Unemployment
Increasing Taxes
Class Tension

24. WWI: Soldiers come home to NO JOBS with NO BENEFITS from the war for Italy.
Benito Mussolini pledges to rescue the people (meet their needs) by:
1) Restoring the economy
2) Re-building a powerful army
He blamed the Government for problems in Italy

25. Adolf Hitler, Der Fuhrer
NAZI (National Socialist German Workers Party) GOALS
Overturn Treaty of Versailles
Combat Communism
Establish powerful Totalitarian State

26. Benito Mussolini, Il Duce
The Fascist Party
Motto: “Believe, Obey, Fight”
Mussolini consolidates power and organizese supporters into “Combat Squads”

27. What are the features of Fascism?
Totalitarian State (one party)
Non-Communist
Policies Glorify the State over Individual
Extreme Nationalism
Action, Violence and Discipline
Foreign Expansion – “Survival of the Fittest”
Indoctrination of Youth
Propaganda, Censorship

28. Hitler Becomes Dictator
Turns Germany into a TOTALITARIAN state
Nazi Secret Police (Gestapo)
Banned Strikes, Dissolved Unions
Massive Public Works (Reduce Unemployed)
Censorship/Book burning, EXTREME PROPAGANDA
INDOCTRINATION: Youth had to join HITLER YOUTH

29. Mussolini, Dictatorship of Terror
CENSORSHIP
Rigged Elections
Secret Police
Propaganda
State Control of the Economy
End class conflicts
Increase Economic Growth (Production Increased)
Workers Became Oppressed

31. INTERWAR THEMES
WWI, Treaty of Versailles, DEPRESSION caused many problems in EUROPE
POLITICAL, ECONOMIC and SOCIAL PROBLEMS create TURMOIL in RUSSIA, ITALY, GERMANY
PEOPLE SEEK SIMPLE SOLUTIONS TO COMPLEX PROBLEMS  RISE OF DICTATORS
TOTALITARIAN STATES ARISE OUT OF CRISES – PEOPLE EXCHANGE FREEDOM FOR ORDER

32. “Healthy Parents have Healthy Children”

34. Mein Kampf – Hitler’s Book
1) Germans (Aryans) were master race
2) Non-Aryans (Jews and Gypsies) were inferior
3) Germany was over overcrowded – Needed Lebensraum (Living Space)

35. Anti-Semitism: Hatred of Jews
Scapegoats for Germany’s trouble (1% of Pop)
Nuremberg Laws – Deprived Jews of Rights
Kristallnacht – Night of Broken Glass
“Final Solution” – Extermination of all Jews

36. Interwar Period Review
RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
Czarist Russia/Bloody Sunday: Czarist rule FAILS TO MEET THE NEEDS OF THE PEOPLE  Bloody Sunday
Bolshevik Revolution: “Peace, Land and Bread”=Basic needs
Communism in the Soviet Union: 1st Communist country, “classless” society
Causes of RR: GFMNP, Autocratic rule, WWI, Unemployment, no representation
Effects of RR: Communism, Representative Gov’t (Duma), Totalitarian State

37. The Great Depression
Stock Market Crash of 1929: Start of the Great Depression.
German Currency Printed: To pay reparations, leads to inflation.
Overproduction: Leads to surplus, prices decrease, leads to inflation.
Decline in World Trade: Economic instability decreases global economic interactions.
Worldwide Economic Problems: Contribute to social and political instability  Rise of dictators.

38. The Rise of Dictators
Reasons why dictators come to power: Political, social, economic instability.
Dictators Offered: “Simple solutions to complex problems”
Totalitarian Governments: Have complete and total control over the people. One Party dictatorships.
Suppress all dissenters/opposition: Dictators try to eliminate anyone who represented a “threat” to power.
Soviet Union’s Government/Party: One Party Dictatorship , Bolsheviks (Communists)

39. The Rise of Dictators
Reasons why dictators come to power: Political, social, economic instability.
Dictators Offered: “Simple solutions to complex problems”
Totalitarian Governments: Have complete and total control over the people. One Party dictatorships.
Suppress all dissenters/opposition: Dictators try to eliminate anyone who represented a “threat” to power.
Soviet Union’s Government/Party: One Party Dictatorship , Bolsheviks (Communists)

40. The Rise of Fascism/Nazism
Conditions in Germany after WWI: Inflation, Unemployment, weak government (Weimar Republic)
Fascism: Nationalism, Action/Violence, Devotion to the State, Totalitarian Governments.
Economic Problems after WWI: Unemployment, inflation, decreased trade.
Fascist Rulers Offer: Hope, Pride in Nation (Simple Solutions: Freedom for Order)

41. Characteristics of Fascist Governments
“State” or party more important than: INDIVIDUAL
EXTREME Nationalism/Racial Superiority: “Survival of the Fittest”
Promotes Imperialism and extreme: MILITARISM
Censorship: Government control of media
Propaganda: Government advertising
Secret Police: Used to eliminate opposition
Youth Groups: Indoctrination (Brainwashing)
Rule By Terror: Blind devotion out of fear
Benito Mussolini: Fascist party leader in Italy
Treaty of Versailles: Root cause of problems

42. One Party One Dictator
Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union (Communist)
Benito Mussolini in Italy (Fascist)
Adolf Hitler in Germany (Nazi)