1. Energy Transformations:
Photosynthesis & Respiration
Headings
Vocabulary
Important Info

2. ATP & ADP ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate adenine + ribose + 3 phosphates
Energy storing molecule,
only stores “E” for a few minutes
Source of all cell energy
When 1 phosphate group breaks off
“E” is released!!!
Adenine
Ribose
3 Phosphate groups

3. ADP: Adenosine Diphosphate Adenine + ribose + 2 phosphates
Molecule that results from ATP losing 1 “P”
Another “P” may be added later
ADP
ATP
Energy
Partially
charged
battery
Fully
Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) + Phosphate
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

4. You get energy from the food you eat.
Where does the energy in food come from?
Almost all of the energy in living systems needed for metabolism = SUN.
Figure 1 below shows how energy flows through living systems.
1. PLANT CONVERTS LIGHT “E” TO CHEMICAL “E”
2. RABBITS GET “E” BY EATING PLANTS
3. FOXES GET “E” FROM EATING RABBITS

5. Overview Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis: Process using “E” from sunlight to convert water and CO2  oxygen and carbohydrates (sugar)
Two parts:
Light dependent reactions:
produce O2 & converts ADP to ATP
Calvin cycle (dark reactions):
use ATP from light reactions to produce sugars
Light Energy
Chloroplast
CO2 + H2O
Sugars + O2

6. The Stages of Photosynthesis
Stage 1 Energy is captured from sunlight.
Stage 2 Light energy is converted to chemical energy,
Temporarily stored in ATP and the “E” carrier molecule NADPH.
Stage 3 The chemical energy stored in ATP and NADPH powers the formation of organic compounds,
Using carbon dioxide
Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells and algae and in the cell membrane of certain prokaryotes.

7. These are the substances are used and produced during each stage of photosynthesis?

8. Why Do Plants Look Green?
Many people think that plants are green because plants use green light during photosynthesis.
In fact, plants do NOT use green light
Instead red and blue light are used.
Plants look green because they contain chlorophyll:
reflects green and yellow light
absorbs blue and red light.

9. FORMULA for PHOTOSYNTHESIS:
6CO2 + 6H2O --- C6H12O6 + 6O2
Chloroplast
Sugars
Chloroplast
Calvin
Cycle
Light-
Dependent
Reactions

10. Cellular Respiration
Respiration: process that releases energy by breaking down food when oxygen is present
Formula:
6C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

11. Fermentation: respiration without oxygen present
Two types:
Alcoholic Fermentation:
form ethyl alcohol and CO2 as waste products; used to make bread rise
Lactic acid Fermentation:
produces lactic acid in muscles when exercising without enough oxygen

12. NAD+ IS AN ELECTRON CARRIER
GLYCOLYSIS
1ST STAGE IN CELLULAR RESPIRATION
1 MOLECULE OF GLUCOSE IS BROKEN IN ½ =
2 MOLECULES OF PYRUVIC ACID
3-CARBON COMPOUND
NAD+ IS AN ELECTRON CARRIER

13. How Does Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration Relate?
Almost opposite processes
Photosynthesis produces food (store)
Respiration breaks down food (releases)
Photosynthesis uses CO2 and releases O2
Respiration releases CO2 and uses O2

14. PHOTOSYNTHESIS SONG (Tune: Mambo # 5)
A little bit of CARBON-DE-OXIDE
A little bit of WATER on the side
A little bit of SUNLIGHT all day long
Makes SUGAR (kiss) and OXYGEN (breathe) to keep us STRONG!!!