1. Dutch, British, and French Maritime Empires

2. Key Concept 4.1. Globalizing Networks of Communication and Exchange
I. In the context of the new global circulation of goods, there was an intensification of all existing regional trade networks that brought prosperity and economic disruption to the merchants and governments in the trading
II. European technological developments in cartography and navigation built on previous knowledge developed in the classical, Islamic and Asian worlds, and included the production of new tools (such as the astrolabe or revised maps), innovations in ship designs (such as caravels), and an improved understanding of global wind and currents patterns — all of which made transoceanic travel and trade possible.

3. Key Concept 4.1. Globalizing Networks of Communication and Exchange
III. Remarkable new transoceanic maritime reconnaissance occurred in this period.
D. Northern Atlantic crossings for fishing and settlements continued and spurred European searches for multiple routes to Asia.

4. Key Concept 4.1. Globalizing Networks of Communication and Exchange
IV. The new global circulation of goods was facilitated by royal chartered European monopoly companies that took silver from Spanish colonies in the Americas to purchase Asian goods for the Atlantic markets, but regional markets continued to flourish in Afro-Eurasia by using established commercial practices and new transoceanic shipping services developed by European merchants.
C. Influenced by mercantilism, joint-stock companies were new methods used by European rulers to control their domestic and colonial economies and by European merchants to compete against one another in global trade.
D. The Atlantic system involved the movement of goods, wealth, and free and unfree laborers, and the mixing of African, American and European cultures and peoples

5. Key Concept 4.2. New Forms of Social Organization and Modes of Production
I. Traditional peasant agriculture increased and changed, plantations expanded, and demand for labor increased. These changes both fed and responded to growing global demand for raw materials and finished products.
D. The purchase and transport of slaves supported the growth of the plantation economy throughout the Americas.
F. Europeans used coerced and semicoerced labor (such as indentured servitude or impressment).

6. Mercantilism 5 Characteristics
Colonies must exist for the benefit of the mother country
Hoard bullion
Maintain a favorable balance of trade
Set high tariffs
Collect raw materials

7. Capitalism Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations Invisible hand concept
Idea of division of labor
Counter to Europe’s putting out system

8. French Maritime Empire

9. French America Champlain “New France” Quebec, 1608 Trapper Economy
Catholic Missions
Sparsely settled, loosely controlled by crown
Good relations with Indigenous ppls.

10. Dutch Maritime Empire

11. Explorers Henry Hudson Williem Barentsz Abel Tasmen New York James Bay
Hudson Bay
Williem Barentsz
Into the Arctic
Northeast Passage
Abel Tasmen
Tasmania
New Zealand
Fiji Islands

12. Dutch Empire
Set up indirect control through the use of the East India Company & West India Company
Challenged Portuguese control of West African trade
Had colonial outposts in Brazil and the African coast
Dutch-Portuguese War lasted several decades (also about independence)

13. Dutch Empire Dutch will set up a colony in South Africa
Very lucrative site due to ships needing to stop there
B/C the Portuguese were having succession problems and fighting the Dutch they lost territory in Asia
The Dutch were traders-not colonizers

14. Dutch Empire
During the French Revolution, the borders of France expanded into Europe
The Dutch had to concentrate on defending its borders in Europe so they handed a lot of their trade colonies over to the British
When they tried to get them back, the British said no

17. British Types of Control
Dominions: semi-independent; used more in the later part of the 19th century
Protectorates: autonomous territory that is protected by someone militarily; modern idea
Mandate: territories given to the British after WWI in order to help prepare them for independence
Territory: does not have independence; colonies

18. British Colonial Rule Direct rule Indirect Rule
Usually set up when areas are rebelling
Will happen in India, South Africa, and Australia
Indirect Rule
Usually ruled by a British company
As long as mercantilism is working, these areas are free to rule themselves
Level of freedom depends on how good the colonist are being
China and North Americas

19. British Empires 1st 1583-1783 A lot of indirect control
Mercantilist policies with joint-stock companies
3 Anglo-Dutch Wars
2nd
Loss of Americas; gaining of Oceania/Pacific
More direct control
Opium Wars in China
3rd
Imperialism

20. North American Colonies
ENGLAND
North American Colonies

21. Sir Walter Raleigh 1552-1618 Roanoke Island, NC
1st English colony in the New World “Lost Colony of Roanoke”
Noted as the first to plant Potatoes in Ireland!

22. JAMESTOWN JAMESTOWN, 1607 Male Dominated Society “Starving Times”
1/3 survived
John Smith
NO WORK,
NO FOOD!!

23. Joint-Stock Company Founded in 1606 by James I
To est. settlements on the coast of N. Am.
Virginia or London company Jamestown, 1607
Plymouth Council for New England Plymouth, 1620

24. English Migration:

25. American Colonies Politically Autonomous Settler Communities, all over
Largest industry: Agriculture
Left England for mixture of religious, political, and cultural reasons

26. Government Based on Local Gov’t of England House of Burgesses
Town Hall systems
Basically run themselves England too busy

27. New England Colonies Pilgrims in 1620: 1st settlement failed
Set up as ‘theocracy’
Calvinist Religion: Mainly Congregationist
Subsistance Farming
Settlers Pilgrims, Puritan
Distrusted by Crown

28. Puritans 2nd Group of colonists est. by Mass. Bay co. (1629)
New, pure church in the New World
Religious Freedom  Intolerance
Deeply religious, socially tight knit, politically innovative culture

29. Chesapeake Bay

30. Chesapeake Colonies Virginia, Maryland John Smith, Jamestown
Plantation economy
Mixed Prot/Cath Religion–very secular

31. The Middle Atlantic Region
New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Connecticut, New York, Delaware
More agriculture than NE (Port Cities)
Bread Basket
Ethnically & Religiously diverse

32. The Southern colonies Carolinas & Georgia Church of England
Slave-based, Plantation economy
Gold, Resources, Land…huge profits on plantations
Tobacco, Cotton, Sugar cane, Indigo, Rice

33. Indentured Servitude
Headright System

34. Indentured Servitude Headright System: Indenture Contract:
Each Virginian got 50 acres for each person whose passage they paid
Indenture Contract:
5-7 years.
Promised “freedom dues” [land, $]
Forbidden to marry.
: only 1 in 10 outlived their indentured contracts!

35. Reform and Reorganization
Charles II Navigation Acts ( )
Limit colonial trading and production that competed directly with English Manufacturers.
James II more crown control in colonies
-colonial governors
Glorious Revolution

36. Outside of North America
England
Outside of North America

37. Caribbean Used the plantation system for sugar
Challenged Dutch in the area leading to the Dutch-Anglo Wars (3 of them)
British (Pennsylvania)
Royal African Company was founded in 1672
British started controlling their own slave trade
Population of Africans went from 25% in 160 to 80% in 1780

38. British In Asia Will take out Dutch and Portuguese control
Used indirect control through joint-stock companies
Next time period we will discuss conflicts that lead to direct control in India & heavier control of China