1. Syllabus Content Health promotion approaches and strategies
lifestyle/behavioural approaches eg. quit smoking programs, health education
Preventative medical approaches eg. childhood immunisation, cancer screening
Public health approaches eg. health-promoting schools and workplaces

2. Health Promotion Approaches and Strategies
Health promotion is aimed at improving the health of an individual or community or changing behaviour that may have a negative influence on health.
Health promotion approaches and strategies range from individually focused interventions (such as posters providing positive health messages) through to the development of a national health promoting policy (such as the National Mental Health Strategy).
The approaches include:
Lifestyle and behavioural approaches
Preventative medical approaches
Public health approaches

3. Lifestyle/Behavioural Approaches
A lifestyle approach to health promotion aims to reduce or prevent the incidence of risk behaviours that contribute to poor health
It is based on the premise that the major causes of morbidity and mortality within Australia are diseases resulting in poor lifestyle choices.

4. This approach is directed at improving risk factors related to individual behaviour such as poor eating habits, physical inactivity, smoking, unsafe sexual activity and drug and alcohol abuse.
Health education programs, social marketing campaigns, the promotion of self-help or self-care practices and public policies are strategies that are commonly used.

5. Lifestyle/Behavioural Approaches (cont.)
Example of health promotion programs that work within this model include:
Web based services such as Reach Out! That seek to enhance health knowledge and skill to support and improve mental health and wellbeing
Physical activity initiatives targeting school aged children that aim to increase levels of regular physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviours

6. Quit smoking campaigns and strategies to encourage people to stop smoking or remain smoke free
Road safety campaigns that challenge peoples attitudes towards unsafe driving behaviours such as speeding

7. Harm Minimisation v Zero Tolerance
Harm minimisation is a policy that focuses on reducing drug use by interrupting the supply of drugs and alcohol; reducing the demand for drugs or alcohol; and applying a range of strategies that lower the possibility of drug related harm. Drug use is viewed as an issue that is health related rather than a legal or criminal issue. This policy assumes that drug use will never be eradicated, and so it doesn’t make sense to assume it can and ignore the facts about the harms done as a result of the drug use.

8. Harm Minimisation v Zero Tolerance
A zero tolerance policy, on the other hand, views drug and alcohol abuse as a criminal and legal issue. The assumption of the zero tolerance policy is that it is not the primary job of government to reduce harms and instead promotes a policy of abstinence rather than tolerance. Penalties for drug and alcohol abuse can be swift and severe.

9. Harm Minimisation v Zero Tolerance

10. Lifestyle/Behavioural Approaches (cont.)
DISCUSSION
Harm Minimisation Approach vs Zero Tolerance Approach. Both of these are included in the lifestyle/behavioural approaches to health promotion approaches and strategies.

11. Preventative Medical Approaches
Preventative medical approaches are those that use medical treatments or interventions to promote health. It is a more traditional approach to health promotion.
This approach is directed at improving the physiological risk factors, that is those relating to the way living things function, such as high blood pressure, abnormal cell production or lack of immunisation.

12. Preventative Medical Approaches (cont.)
Health promoting action used in preventative medical approaches commonly occurs in a series of stages: primary, secondary and tertiary prevention.
Primary prevention- preventing initial occurrence of an illness, such as through childhood immunisation programs.
Secondary Prevention- stopping or slowing an existing illness, such as provision of cervical screening services
Tertiary prevention- reducing the re-occurrence and establishment of chronic illness, such as provision of effective rehabilitation services.

13. Public Health Approaches
The public health approach to health promotion involves establishing programs, policies and services that create environments that support health.
Public health approaches are a more recent trend in health promotion.
They have been significantly influenced by the WHO’s policies and philosophies.
Public health approaches aim to provide the maximum benefit for the largest number of people.
They are concerned with preventing disease and injury form occurring or reoccurring, promotion of health, and returning health to populations and communities following natural or man-made disasters.

14. Public Health Approaches (cont.)
The key steps in public health approach include:
Defining and monitoring the extent of the problem
Identifying the cause of the problem
Formulating and testing ways of dealing with the problem
Applying widely the measures that are found to work
Settings for health promotion to reach a large number of people include schools and the workplace

15. Public Health Approaches (cont.)
Health Promoting Schools
A health promoting school is one that operates in a way that demonstrates a whole-school commitment to improving and protecting the health and wellbeing of the school community. The 3 components of the health promoting school framework are:
curriculum, teaching and learning what is taught and learnt and how it is taught and learnt
School organisation, ethos and environment how the school ‘feels’ eg. safe, fun, stimulating
Partnerships and services partnerships formed with the wider community and with the families of the students.

16. Public Health Approaches (cont.)
Health Promoting Workplace
The workplace influences the physical, social, mental and economic wellbeing of workers and, in turn, the health of their families, communities and society.
Workplace promotion includes activities and strategies that are designed to improve the health of workers and the community.
It includes programs such as occupational health and safety.

17. Health Promotion Campaigns
For each campaign identify the health promotion message and what it is trying to prevent.
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