1. Introduction to Novels
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2. Novels can open up new worlds!
They can take you to…
Places you’ve never been
Times long ago
Times in the future
Into the hearts and minds of others

3. What is a novel? Characteristics: A fictional text work
Usually divided into chapters
Relatively long and often complex plot
Story traditionally develops through the thoughts and actions of its characters

4. Different Types of Novels
Mysteries- about a crime and the process of discovering who committed it
Science Fiction- imagines the possible alternatives to reality that usually involves technology
Fantasy-imaginary worlds that usually involves magic
Westerns-normally take place in Western U.S. during 19th century, includes cowboys, ranchers, frontier life, and conflicts between natives and settlers
Horror- focuses on creating emotions of terror and dread
Thrillers- designed to make the reader’s pulse race
Romance-about love and passion, usually focused on two characters who fall in love but face problems
Historical- set in a past time period (normally at least 50 years prior)

5. Basic Purpose When Reading a Novel
To understand…
Who is telling the story (point of view)
Where and when the story takes place
Who are the main characters
What are the characters like
What happens (plot)
The author’s main idea (theme)
How thee author expresses his or her ideas (style)

6. Preview Before Reading
Preview Checklist:
The title and author
The front and back covers
Summaries or excerpts from book reviews
Information about author
Introductory material
Foreword or introduction
Chapter names and illustrations

7. The Giver

8. What makes up a novel or short story?
Story Elements
What makes up a novel or short story?

9. The time and place in which a story occurs
Setting
The time and place in which a story occurs

10. Importance of Setting
The setting of a story is ALWAYS important
It influences the way characters act and think and all aspects of their lives.
What would happen if the setting from a western were switched with the setting from a Disney movie?

11. Two Types of Settings
stated – time and place are directly stated by the author implied – time and place are determined by clues given by the author

12. Example of Setting
On a rainy November morning in 1776, a soldier trod a solitary path along a road in western Virginia. His gait was slow, and his face — barely visible beneath untold layers of grime — betrayed an anguished, exhausted expression.
What is the setting? Is it stated or implied?

13. Example of Setting
One night the king was holding a grand feast. Sneaking around behind the lords and ladies, Prince Brat tied their powdered wigs to the backs of their oak chairs.
This is taken from The Whipping Boy. The students should infer that the time is in the past and that the setting is a castle somewhere. The text may later give more clues to clarify the setting (or even directly state it), but these inferences can be made now.
What is the setting? Is it stated or implied?

14. Overall feeling or atmosphere that a writer creates
Mood
Overall feeling or atmosphere that a writer creates

15. Describe the mood created in the passage below.
It was a cold and cheerless evening. The fog seemed to hover over the street, clutching the buildings, the streetlamps—the entire city—in a damp, icy grip. If one were to stand still, passers- by would emerge briefly from the gloom, only to disappear from view after taking just a few steps. These ghostly apparitions tormented James as he impatiently waited for his valet to return with his carriage.

16. The people, animals, or creatures that the story is about
Characters
The people, animals, or creatures that the story is about

17. The characters directly involved with the conflict
Main Characters
The characters directly involved with the conflict

18. Protagonist
Good character
The hero or heroine

19. Antagonist
Bad character
The villain or nemesis

20. Secondary Characters characters added to the story to create interest
not directly involved with the conflict

21. Characterization
the method used by authors to help readers get to know the characters in a story

22. Stated Characterization
stated – the author tells the audience about the personality and appearance of the character Example: The giant was huge, statuesque, and powerful.

23. Implied Characterization
implied – the author shows the audience things that reveal the personality of a character
Example: The giant felt unhappy when he saw the child crying. “I don’t like to see you suffering,” he said consolingly.

24. Methods of Characterization
Speech Thoughts and Feelings Effect on others Actions Looks

25. Methods of Characterization
Speech
What does the character say?
How does the character speak?

26. Methods of Characterization
Thoughts and Feelings
What is revealed through the character’s private thoughts and feelings?

27. Methods of Characterization
Effect on Others
What is revealed through the character’s effect on other people?
How do other characters feel or behave in reaction to the character?

28. Methods of Characterization
Actions
What does the character do?
How does the character behave?

29. Methods of Characterization
Looks
What does the character look like?
How does the character dress?

30. Watch for examples of characterization in the clip..
Click on Discovery Education screen to begin the clip.

31. All of the events that make up a story
Plot
All of the events that make up a story

32. There are 6 main parts of a plot.
Introduction
Conflict
Rising Actions
Climax
Falling Actions
Conclusion

33. Introduction
The beginning of the story where the characters and the setting are revealed.

34. Conflict
The overall problem of the story. It should involve the main character.

35. Types of Conflict Character vs. Character
Character vs. Environment/Nature
Character vs. Society
Character vs. Self

36. Types of Conflict
The first three types of conflict are generally external. This means that the reader understands that the characters are acting on their problems. The last type is internal. This conflict occurs in the character’s mind or conscience, such as deciding to do the right thing, the honest thing, or the brave thing. It’s a decision that one can only make by him/herself.

37. Rising Actions
All of the events leading to the climax of the story

38. Climax
The event in the story where the problem is solved or the question is answered. It’s usually the most exciting part of the story.

39. Falling Actions
The events leading to the conclusion of the story

40. Conclusion
The end of the story

41. Plot Structure Climax Rising Actions Falling Actions Introduction
Conflict
Conclusion

42. The author’s choice of narrator or speaker
Point of View
The author’s choice of narrator or speaker

43. First Person POV
A character in the story is telling the story. Uses the pronoun I

44. Third Person POV
The speaker, or narrator, is outside the story. Uses the pronouns he, she, it or they

45. Determine the point of view
Once upon a time there was an old sow with three little pigs, and as she had not enough to keep them, she sent them out to seek their fortune.
The first that went off met a man with a bundle of straw, and said to him, "Please, man, give me that straw to build me a house"; which the man did, and the little pig built a house with it.

46. Determine the point of view
Everybody knows the story of the Three Little Pigs. Or at least they think they do. But I’ll let you in on a little secret. Nobody knows the real story, because nobody has ever heard my side of the story.
I’m the wolf. Alexander T. Wolf.
You can call me Al.
I don’t know how this whole Big Bad Wolf thing got started, but it’s all wrong.
From The True Story of the Three Little Pigs by Jon Scieszka

47. Theme A lesson or message the author is trying to send the reader
A generalization about life

48. Theme
stated – lesson or message is directly stated by the author implied – a lesson that is merely suggested

49. YOUR favorite movies or books?
Theme
What are some of the themes from
YOUR favorite movies or books?
Click on Discovery Education screen to begin the clip.