1. What is Checks and Balances?
Thursday 2/1/18
What is Checks and Balances?
Warm up
Part 2: Rise & Fall of the Republic notes
Materials:
-pencil
-note taking sheet
Objectives:
-Today you will look at the factors behind the rise and the fall of the Roman Republic.

2. Part 2: Rise & Fall of the Republic
EQ: What were the factors behind the rise and the fall of the Roman Republic?

3. Rome was protected by an advanced army of professional soldiers
The Roman Military
Rome was protected by an advanced army of professional soldiers
The Roman Army In addition to their government, the Romans placed great
value on their military. All citizens who owned land were required to serve in the
army. Seekers of certain public offices had to perform ten years of military service.
Roman soldiers were organized into large military units called legions. The
Roman legion was made up of some 5,000 heavily armed foot soldiers (infantry).
A group of soldiers on horseback (cavalry) supported each legion. Legions were
divided into smaller groups of 80 men, each of which was called a century. The
military organization and fighting skill of the Roman army were key factors in
Rome’s rise to greatness.

4. The Roman Military
Rome had the largest army in the Mediterranean at the time; it was also highly organized
The Roman soldiers were divided into groups of 5,000 men called legions
The highly organized command structure ensured that legions could be rapidly deployed against the enemy
The Roman Army In addition to their government, the Romans placed great
value on their military. All citizens who owned land were required to serve in the
army. Seekers of certain public offices had to perform ten years of military service.
Roman soldiers were organized into large military units called legions. The
Roman legion was made up of some 5,000 heavily armed foot soldiers (infantry).
A group of soldiers on horseback (cavalry) supported each legion. Legions were
divided into smaller groups of 80 men, each of which was called a century. The
military organization and fighting skill of the Roman army were key factors in
Rome’s rise to greatness.

5. Each legion was divided into smaller groups of 80 men (called centuries) commanded by elite soldiers called centurions

6. Armor video

7. Advances in military technology (such as catapults) allowed the Roman soldiers to not only defend the Rome's territory, but to expand it

9. THE PUNIC WARS
All this military experience, training would lead them to this
The Romans went to war with a neighboring kingdom, Carthage (northern Africa)

10. THE PUNIC WARS
The Carthaginians engaged the Romans in three long wars over the course of about 100 years

11. Started from a dispute over who should control Sicily
3 Wars

12. THE PUNIC WARS
Carthage: Led by the general Hannibal. Nearly defeated the Romans in the second war; they invaded the Italian peninsula and almost captured Rome

13. Hannibal’s Route
Europe
Mediterranean Sea
Africa

14. THE PUNIC WARS
The Romans held the Carthaginians off, then completely destroyed Carthage in their third war

15. THE PUNIC WARS
With Carthage’s defeat, the Romans were then the most dominant power in the Mediterranean

16. New problems would for the Romans
Controlling this massive territory, though,
Examples of problems that could occur?
ROMAN TERRITORY

17. PROBLEMS IN THE ROMAN REPUBLIC
Rome’s expanding territory brought wealth, but also brought issues:
The new lands brought more slaves, which created a job shortage for Roman citizens
Generals who controlled the army became more powerful

18. PROBLEMS IN THE ROMAN REPUBLIC
Rome’s expanding territory brought wealth, but also brought issues:
People flocked to the big cities from farms, which created food supply shortages
Struggles for power led to a series of civil wars between Romans

19. JULIUS CAESAR
From the turmoil within the Roman Republic, a new political leader emerged: a general named Julius Caesar
Caesar was cornered and stabbed to death in the Roman Senate building, which began the end of the Roman Republic

20. The death of Caesar led to another civil war led by Caesar’s adopted son Octavian and his best general, Marc Antony

21. FROM ROMAN REPUBLIC TO ROMAN EMPIRE
Julius Caesar’s death changed Rome; the people no longer trusted the Senate to rule the Roman Republic

22. FROM ROMAN REPUBLIC TO ROMAN EMPIRE
Octavian soon became undisputed ruler of Rome, renaming himself Augustus Caesar
“Augustus” means “exalted one”; Julius Caesars last name became the title for “emperor”

23. FROM ROMAN REPUBLIC TO ROMAN EMPIRE
Augustus did away with the Senators power, eventually ending the Republic of Rome and becoming Rome’s first emperor
The Senate still met, but the emperor had all of the real power

25. Would you rather live during the Roman Republic or the Empire
Would you rather live during the Roman Republic or the Empire? Provide at least 3 reasons why

26. THE PAX ROMANA
Find the definition for the word Pax Romana in your textbook and raise your hand, first person wins a prize

27. THE PAX ROMANA Pax Romana
Augustus’ 41 year reign marked the beginning of a 207-year era of peace, wealth, and expansion called “Pax Romana” from 27 BC to 180 AD
The Empire was over 3 million square miles in size and contained about 80 million people
Pax Romana

28. CONCLUSIONS
Rome began as a Republic but later became an Empire
The Roman Republic gained power through conquering other lands
The Roman Republic ended when powerful leaders gained control of the government…such as Julius Caesar