1. Greek Thinkers

2. Philosophers

3. Socrates Born in 470 BC in Athens, Greece
Credited with being one of the founders of Western philosophy.
Little is known about his life except what was recorded by his student, Plato.

4. Socrates
Socrates questioned everything from Athenian government to Greek religion and even the gods/goddesses themselves.
His ultimate goal was finding the truth, which he believed could be reached through reason and knowledge.
Socrates was a teacher by trade, although he did not use a classroom. He would lecture publicly, to anyone who would listen.

5. The Socratic Method
Socrates taught through questioning. This teaching style would come to be known as the Socratic Method.
He would start with simple questions, then would progress to more complex, deeper questions.
Through the application of reason and logic, Socrates would reveal answers to many questions that would lead to a greater understanding of the world.

6. The death of Socrates
Socrates was arrested and brought to trial on the charge of corrupting the youth of Athens.
A jury of 500 Athenians found him guilty and sentenced to him to death.
At the age of 70, Socrates willingly drank hemlock, a powerful poison that brought an end to his life.

7. Plato Born in Athens in 428 BCE and died in 348 BCE
A famous writer and philosopher and a former student of Socrates.
Founded the Academy and is the author of many philosophical works that have a remarkable influence in Western thought.

8. The Academy
Founded sometime around 385 BCE, which he presided over until his death.
It was in operation until 529 CE, when Roman emperor Justinian I closed it as he saw it as a threat to Christianity.
Students would study a curriculum that included astronomy, biology, mathematics, political theory and philosophy.
Some famous students of the academy including Aristotle.

9. Plato’s Republic
Written in Plato’s own voice, he wrote about the central ideals of justice, courage, wisdom and the moderation of the individual and society.
His Republic was not very democratic. Plato believed that the uneducated people should not have the right to participate in government and make important decisions for everyone.

10. Plato’s Republic
He wrote about a society in which each class contributed what they could to society.
In Plato’s ideal society; farmers grew the food for the republic, soldiers defended the republic and the educated philosophers or “Philosopher Kings” ruled the republic.

11. Plato's allegory of the cave

12. Aristotle Born around 384 BC in Stagira, Greece.
One of the students of Plato’s Academy.
Aristotle wrote about and studied many subjects, including biology, physics, metaphysics, literature, ethics, logic, and art.
He emphasized the importance of observation and the gathering of data.
He began to tutor Alexander the Great in 338 BC.

13. Aristotle
In 335 Aristotle founded his own school called the Lyceum, in Athens.
He would spend a majority of his life studying, teaching and writing in Athens.
He died in 322 BC after fleeing to Chalcis to escape prosecution.

14. The Golden Mean
Moral behavior is the mean between two extremes- at one end is excess, at the other deficiency.
Find a moderate position between those two extremes, and you will be acting morally.

15. Mathematics and the Sciences

16. Hippocrates
Applied logic to the field of medicine and collected information on hundreds of patients.
His work helped advance the people’s understanding of medicine and the causes of disease and death.
The Hippocratic Corpus
A collection of 60 medical books, that discusses Hippocratic medicine and what he recommended for most ailments and what caused diseases.
The Hippocratic Oath
a document on medical practices, ethics, and morals. Originally, Hippocrates was credited with composing the oath, however, newer research indicates it was written after his death by other physicians influenced by the medical practices in the Corpus.

17. Pythagoras
A philosopher, scientist, and religious teacher Pythagoras developed a school of thought that established many influential mathematical and philosophical theories.
He is best remembered for his concept of numbers. He believed that everything could be reduced to numbers and these numbers had their own characteristics, strengths and weaknesses and deducing the Pythagorean theorem.
He also believed geometry to be the highest form of mathematical studies through which one can explain the physical world.

18. Euclid
A prominent Greek mathematician, best known for revolutionizing the field of Geometry.
Elements
A compilation of work, from a number of other mathematicians.
It was the primary source of geometric reasoning, theorems, and methods

19. Archimedes
The most-famous mathematician and inventor of Ancient Greece.
Accomplishments of Archimedes:
He invented the sciences of mechanics, hydrostatics, and an early form of calculus .
invented one of the most fundamental concepts of physics – the center of gravity.
invented the Archimedean Screw to pull water out of the ground – the device is still used around the world.

20. Herodotus Often credited with being the first modern historian.
He was the author of the first great narrative produced in the ancient world, History, written about the Greco- Persian Wars.
Herodotus depended mainly on his own observations, the accounts of eyewitnesses from both sides of the war, and, from stories passed down orally.

21. Thucydides
Considered to be the greatest of the Ancient Greek historians.
Was the author of the History of the Peloponnesian War.
Recounts the struggle between Athens and Sparta in the 5th century BC.
His work was the first recorded political and moral analysis of a nation’s war policies.