1. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

2. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
Background:
Congress created Second Bank of the US in 1816
It had a branch in Maryland, which Maryland tried to tax
McCulloch, the bank’s cashier, refused to pay the tax

3. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
Questions: Could Congress create a National Bank, & could states tax national programs?
Decision: Congress had the power to create the Bank & states could not tax in that manner; national law trumps state law

4. Implied Powers

5. Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

6. Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) Background:
Many states required out-of-state steamboat owners to pay high fees to use their waters
NY only allowed 2 NY steamboat owners to use their waters
A steamboat owner trying to trade in NY and NJ argued that this was unfair

7. Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
Question: Could states interfere with interstate trade?
Decision: Interstate trade can only be controlled by Congress

8. Interstate Trade

9. Unity & Division
Chapter 11, Section 3

10. Era of Good Feelings James Monroe’s presidency (1817-1825)
Old in age
Citizens liked his old-fashioned ways
Democratic Republicans controlled politics
Federalist party disappeared… what caused their downfall?

11. Economic Changes (-) National Bank: charter expired in 1811
(+) Foreign Competition: US’ local industries grew during the Embargo Act & War of 1812
(-) British Goods: Cheap British goods flooded US after the War of 1812
(-) Protective Tariff of 1816: Taxed all European imports; hurt southerners

12. Sectionalism
Loyalty to one’s state or section rather than to the entire nation
Caused by arguments over tariffs

13. American System
Henry Clay’s program to create economic growth in all sections
Tariffs
National Bank
Transportation

14. American System Recap Clay wanted to…
Create a new National Bank
Charge high tariffs on imports
To benefit Northern factories
Spend tariff money on infrastructure
To improve transportation of Western & Southern goods
Infrastructure: framework, basic structures needed for a building/community

15. American System Recap Didn’t go into full effect because…
Congress didn’t spend tariff money on infrastructure
South didn’t want infrastructure improvements

16. Revolutions in New Spain
Why:
Most colonists, even the wealthy, had little say in government
Demanded a role in government
Native Americans were upset over harsh treatment
Leaders:
Miguel Hidalgo: Mexico
Simon Bolivar: Venezuela, Colombia
Jose de San Martin: Argentina, Chile, Peru, Ecuador

17. Revolutions, Continued
By 1825, Spain had lost all of its Latin American colonies except Cuba & Puerto Rico
Portugal also lost Brazil but peacefully

18. US vs. Latin American Revolutions
Similarities:
Both desired a voice in government
Both created constitutions
Differences:
Latin America divided into multiple countries
Democracy was not as successful in Latin America

19. How the US Gained Florida
FL had belonged to Spain; refuge for runaway US slaves
In 1818, Andrew Jackson & troops headed to FL to conquer
Spain was busy fighting in Latin America
Adams-Onis Treaty
Peace treaty
Spain gave FL to US for $5 million

20. US’ Reaction to the Latin American Revolutions
We supported them from afar
Many European nations sided with Spain, making the US nervous
Also… Russia was claiming land in Oregon Country

21. Monroe Doctrine (1823)
Foreign policy statement by President Monroe to Congress
In reaction to Latin American Revolutions
Declared that the US would not interfere with European nations or their colonies
Warned European nations not to try to regain control of their former Latin American colonies

22. Monroe Doctrine (1823)
Goal: US determined to keep European powers out of the American continents
Questions…
Why didn’t we want more European colonies in the Americas?
Could the US enforce this new policy?

23. Britain’s Connection Britain supported the Monroe Doctrine… why?
Feared that their trade would be hurt if Spain regained its Latin American colonies

24. Vocabulary Foreign policy: how one nation interacts with another
Propaganda: information purposefully spread to grow a certain viewpoint
Persona: personality; character

25. Questions to Discuss When do you think the cartoon was drawn?
Who do the people represent?
What persona does Uncle Sam display?
What does this tell you about the message the US is sending to the rest of the world?