1. Dominant Functions of Settlements

2. Dominant Functions of Settlements
When we describe functions of a settlement we describe the main areas of employment
There are 4 categories (industries) of jobs

3. Dominant Functions of Settlements
Primary – any job that deals with the extraction of raw material from the natural environment (forestry, mining, farming)

4. Dominant Functions of Settlements
Secondary – any job that processes raw materials (primary manufacturing – extraction of iron from iron ore) OR
- Use the product of primary manufacturing to make a finished product (secondary manufacturing – making steel from iron)

5. Dominant Functions of Settlements

6. Dominant Functions of Settlements
Tertiary – jobs that provide a service (bank teller, dentist) – fastest growing sector in Canada (around 75% of working population employed in this industry)

7. Dominant Functions of Settlements
Quaternary – jobs that are involved with the communication of information ( teaching, research, computer programming, technology sector) – this sector on the increase

8. Dominant Functions of Settlements
When you describe the present function of a town or city they you are describing the main area of employment for the population of the city

9. Dominant Functions of Settlements
Factors that influence the function of a settlement is population and location
Eg. Niagara Falls – area of scenic beauty attracts million of tourists – jobs in the tourist industry (accommodation and food) would be high (10.5% of the population works in this industry)

10. NIAGARA FALLS

11. Dominant Functions of Settlements
Large cities are more diverse -have people employed in many sectors of the economy (Toronto)
Provide services to a wide surrounding area (multi-functional)

12. Dominant Functions of Settlements
Small cities – have people employed in fewer sectors of the economy (Saguenay – forestry, primary metal manufacturing, agri-business, tourism)
Usually provide services for small towns/villages immediately adjacent to the city
Often these cities have specialized functions

13. Dominant Functions of Settlements
When a city has a high percent of employment in a particular activity, this activity is described as the urban centre’s dominant function.
Eg. Manufacturing in Hong Kong, Public Administration in Ottawa

14. Dependence on Single Industry - Tilt Cove

15. Dependence on Single Industry - Tilt Cove

16. Dependence on Single Industry - Tilt Cove
1901 pop – 1,370
2008 – 7
Dominate function – copper mines and some fishing
Mines closed 1920 then reopened 1957 and lasted for 10 years

17. Dependence on Single Industry - Tilt Cove

18. Dependence on Single Industry – Anyox B.C

19. Dependence on Single Industry – Anyox B.C

20. Dependence on Single Industry - Tilt Cove
1914 pop – 3,000
Dominate function – copper mines other precious metals
Mine closed in abandoned

21. Dependence on Single Industry – Anyox B.C

22. Location Quotients
The percentage of a city’s workforce in any employment category when compared to the national average for that category. The location quotient is expressed as a ratio
Eg. LQ 1.6 means 1.6 time as many people work in manufacturing in Hamilton, in 1985, than in Canada as a whole

23. Location Quotients
When comparing L.Q. it is important to compare L.Q.’s for cities of comparable size
When a city’s function is dependent on one or two sectors of the economy and that sector decreases (manufacturing) what are the possible outcomes

24. Location Quotients The city must diversify (Hamilton)
The city experiences decline (people move out and abandon the city (Youngstown Ohio, Flint Michigan)

25. Location Quotients Buick City – Flint Michigan
Steel Mill – Youngstown, Ohio