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Slavery, States, Expansion Focus: How did Congress try to resolve the dispute between North and South over slavery? Divided Nation North: Cities Technology.

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Presentation on theme: "Slavery, States, Expansion Focus: How did Congress try to resolve the dispute between North and South over slavery? Divided Nation North: Cities Technology."— Presentation transcript:

1 Unit 8 – Pre-Civil War Chapter Focus: How did the nation’s expansion lead to the Civil War?

2 Slavery, States, Expansion Focus: How did Congress try to resolve the dispute between North and South over slavery? Divided Nation North: Cities Technology Factories Industry Immigrants South: Agrarian Cotton/ Crops Planters Slave Labor

3 Slavery, States, Expansion
Should slavery be allowed west of the Mississippi River? Mexican War Brought new lands to US Brings issue to the forefront Free? Slave? Wilmot Proviso Ban slavery in any lands from Mexico (voted down)

4 Slavery, States, Expansion
Northern View of Slavery Ended early ,000 slaves in the North slaves (NJ) Most saw blacks as inferior Laws limited rights of free, & discouraged migration Abolitionists (minority) Some called for immediate end Some called for gradual end Not all wished to end slavery Many profited from the institution Bankers, merchants, workers Northern workers – job competition

5 Slavery, States, Expansion
Southern View of Slavery Vital to agricultural success Source of labor Argument for: Socially correct – provide labor for civilized whites Whites were superior God intended it Slavery better then Northern industry Slaves had better lives then wage workers Slavery caused less harm

6 Slavery, States, Expansion
Election 1848 Slavery becomes the center of political debate Had been long avoided Wilmot Proviso - forces issue Free Soil Party forms Support ban of slavery in new western territories “free soil, free speech, free labor, free men” Whigs - Zach Taylor Democrats - Lewis Case Free-Soil - Martin Van Buren

7 Slavery, States, Expansion
Whigs and Democrats Wish to avoid the slavery issue Free-Soilers made this impossible Forced to take a stand on issue Embrace Popular Sovereignty Voters, not Congress…..decide if slave or free state Whigs and Democrats could avoid issues

8 Slavery, States, Expansion
1848 Taylor wins election Slim margins Van Buren Free - Soil Party Drew sufficient votes 10% of the vote Slavery had the nations attention

9 Slavery, States, Expansion
California Threatens the Balance of Power California wanted to become a state Creates problems Would tip the balance in Congress Would favor free states Other concerns: Northwest border of Texas Utah & New Mexico organizing to become territories Possible free states in future?

10 Slavery, States, Expansion
Clay’s Compromise Henry Clay (west) “Great Pacificator” Ability to solve problems Create peace Compromise 1850 California admitted - free Stricter fugitive slave laws New Mexico and Utah - Popular Sovereignty Compromise widely supported

11 Slavery, States, Expansion
Calhoun and Webster John Calhoun (south) Did not believe compromise protected the South If the North would not submit South had a another option Secede, break away from union Daniel Webster (north) Pleaded to accept compromise - unity Persuades many northerners to support compromise

12 Slavery, States, Expansion
Compromise of 1850 Long heated debate over the compromise President Taylor & Calhoun die Taylor replaced by Fillmore (supported) California Entered – free state Texas gave up New Mexico territory for money (10 million) Popular Sovereignty in new territories acquired from Mexico Slave trade prohibited in D.C. But slavery allowed Fugitive Slave Act Made laws tougher Citizens, catch and return runaway slaves Assisting a runaway slave- fines or imprisonment

13 Fugitive Slave Act - Resistance
Protest and Violence Focus: How did the Fugitive Slave Act and the Kansas-Nebraska Act increase tensions between the North and the South? Fugitive Slave Act - Resistance Angered many northerners Felt forced to support slavery Northern States Fight back Pass personal liberty laws Nullified slave act Arrest slave catchers for kidnapping Anger Black Americans Many free, taken captive Results in resistance and revolts

14 The Underground Railroad
Protest and Violence The Underground Railroad Resistance Railroad terminology Conductors Hide runaways Carried passengers Hundred of miles Harriet Tubman Fugitive slave Black Moses – leading out of bondage

15 Writing Against Slavery
Protest and Violence Writing Against Slavery Uncle Tom’s Cabin Harriet Beecher Stowe Condemned Slavery Uncle Tom, gentle & patient Kind and cruel slave owners Spread compassion (North) Angered South Lincoln on Stowe “The little lady who started the big war” Blake Martin Delaney Rebellious slave Murder’s slave owner

16 Protest and Violence Kansas - Nebraska Act
Attempt to set up government in the Nebraska territory Popular Sovereignty To solve issue of slavery Apprehension over decision free or slave state?

17 Protest and Violence Kansas - Nebraska Act Congresses Passes Act 1854
Divided territory Kansas and Nebraska territory Kansas - slave state Nebraska - free state Allowed slavery to spread Nullifying Missouri Compromise

18 Kansas Nebraska Act

19 Protest and Violence Bleeding Kansas Many settlers in the area Farmers
Becomes hostile Farmers In search of land Settlers from north and south Looking to outnumber competition Strength in political numbers

20 Two Governments Establish
Protest and Violence Two Governments Establish Pro – Slavery Border Ruffians Pro-slavery residents from Missouri Coerced local voters Cast illegal votes Set up proslavery government Abolitionists Rushed into Kansas Also set up a government Lawrence and Topeka Both governments petition for statehood

21 Protest and Violence Bleeding Kansas Border Ruffians John Brown
Raided Lawrence Attacked homes Burned Free State Hotel Destroyed printing press John Brown NY Abolitionist Retaliates Executes 5 proslavery settlers

22 Protest and Violence Bleeding Kansas
Showed Popular Sovereignty couldn’t solve issues Takes until 1861 to become state Free State Civil War has already begun!

23 Violence in Congress Protest and Violence Charles Sumner
Mass. - Senator “Crime Against Kansas” speech Blasts southerners for bullying in Kansas elections Also attacks verbally Andrew Butler (SC) Preston Brooks - SC- rep Butler’s Nephew Attacks Sumner with cane (unconscious) Can’t return to Senate for 3 years Showed the division over slavery

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