1. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Conflict Over Slavery in the 1850s: The Crisis Grows

2. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Analyze why the Fugitive Slave Act increased tensions between the North and South. Assess how the Kansas-Nebraska Act was seen differently by the North and South. Explain why fighting broke out in Kansas and the effects of that conflict. Objectives

3. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. personal liberty laws – laws passed in the North that nullified the Fugitive Slave Act Underground Railroad – a secret network of people who helped slaves escape from the South Harriet Tubman – a woman who led slaves into freedom through the Underground Railroad Harriet Beecher Stowe – author of a best-selling novel that condemned slavery Terms and People

4. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Kansas-Nebraska Act – divided the Nebraska region into two territories, giving voters in each area the right to decide whether or not to allow slavery John Brown – a northern abolitionist who used violence “Bleeding Kansas” – term used to describe Kansas, where violence broke out between proslavery and antislavery supporters Terms and People (continued)

5. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The Compromise of 1850 resolved the slavery issues only for a short time. The conflict over the slavery turned violent with the passage of the Fugitive Slave Law and the Kansas-Nebraska Act. How did the Fugitive Slave Act and the Kansas-Nebraska Act increase tensions between the North and the South?

6. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. By the mid-1800s, slavery was a national issue. Every American from the North, the South, and the West had an opinion.

7. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The Fugitive Slave Act, part of the Compromise of 1850, required all citizens to catch and return runaway slaves. The Fugitive Slave Act angered northerners. Nullified the Fugitive Act Enabled state officials to arrest slave catchers for kidnapping free African Americans Increased northern white support of abolitionism Some Northern states passed personal liberty laws. These laws

8. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The map shows the routes “conductors” used to lead enslaved blacks to freedom. Free blacks and Northern abolitionists organized an escape network called the Underground Railroad. Abolitionists took action to save enslaved people.

9. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. A fugitive slave from Maryland, Harriet Tubman, was called the “Black Moses” because she led so many people to freedom on the Underground Railroad.

10. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. White abolitionist Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin, which gave readers compassion for the nonviolent enslaved Tom. Black abolitionist Martin Delany wrote Blake in which enslaved Blake chooses to rebel violently against slavery. Popular novels condemned slavery, gaining northern support for abolition and infuriating the South.

11. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Tensions greatly increased between the North and the South as African Americans increased their resistance The abolitionist movement grew stronger in the North and West The question of whether a new territory should become a slave or free state arose again in the Nebraska territory

12. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Congress passed the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854. The legislation divided the Nebraska territory into Kansas and Nebraska. Residents of each territory would vote to allow or outlaw slavery. In effect, it nullified the Missouri Compromise by allowing slavery to spread in areas where it had been banned. Congress assumed Kansas would become a slave state and Nebraska a free state. Northerners and Southerners went to Kansas to influence the vote.

13. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Proslavery residents from Missouri, know as Border Ruffians, attacked the antislavery town of Lawrence. Northern abolitionist John Brown responded by killing five proslavery settlers. Both sides armed for battle. The Kansas-Nebraska Act set off violence between proslavery and antislavery forces in Kansas.

14. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Describing the violence in Kansas, reporters called the territory “Bleeding Kansas.”

15. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Conflict in Kansas was inevitable. The South wanted Kansas to be a slave state. The North wanted Kansas to be a free state. In 1861, after the Civil War started, Kansas joined the Union as a free state.

16. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Violence over the slavery issue broke out on the floor of the U.S. Senate. Southern Representative Preston Brooks badly beat Northern Senator Charles Sumner with a cane. The national tension over slavery grew wider and deeper, with violence spreading even to Congress.