1. The 5 basics of reading
By Lauren Valentine

2. Reading Skills
Phonemic Awareness “making up spoken language, combine to form syllables and words. Phonemic awareness refers to the student’s ability to focus on and manipulate these phonemes in spoken syllables and words”
Phonics “ is the relationship between the letters (or letter combinations) in written language and the individual sounds in spoken language”
Fluency “Fluency is the ability to read as well as we speak and to make sense of the text without having to stop and decode each word”
Vocabulary “vocabulary can be learned incidentally through storybook reading or listening to others, and vocabulary should be taught both directly and indirectly”
Comprehension “is the complex cognitive process readers use to understand what they have read”
(Read naturally Inc., 2017)

3. Tools and Resources Teachers-how to incorporate the 5 skills
Practice combination words
Post vocabulary words on bulletin boards
Devote time each day for quiet reading
Create mini lessons for comprehension
Journal entries after reading to develop phonemic awareness and comprehension
Teach how to segment words by using picture cards
Parents- how to use the 5 skills at home
Read 20 minutes each night
While reading ask child questions
Have them draw pictures
Have them come up with stories to share
Break down words
Replace letters and ask for rhyming words while driving or at the dinner table
Seek help from teachers if necessary
Teach phonics (names and sounds of letters)
Teach children to enjoy reading

4. References
Read Naturally Inc. (2017). Essential components of reading. Retrieved from -components-of-reading.